176 
l=: “19-20, 
IlT=SKR: 719-20. 
Lies Lis *10—20. 
It is hardly necessary to add that the total number of woody 
plants in the Garden at the time Taylor’s reports were written 
was much smaller than it is today. Then the Garden was only 
seven and nine years old, respectively. 
Perennial Plants 
In a consideration of winter injury it is of course the perennial 
plants with which we are concerned, since they are the ones which 
have to live through the winter. Biennial plants, it 1s true, must 
also pass through one winter, but these are comparatively few in 
{25 
number, and include no woody species. 
All perennial plants may be classified into herbaceous and woody 
species. The herbaceous kinds, e¢.g., the peony, iris, and most 
kinds of lawn grasses, have no wood in their stems, and die down 
’ frosts of winter, 
— 
—" 
to the ground completely at the first “ killing’ 
maintaining their existence throughout the winter in an under- 
ground stem or rhizome, a tuber, or a corm. These, then, are 
protected to a considerable extent during the winter period by a 
blanket of earth, and sometimes also by an additional covering of 
snow. 
The woody perennials, on the other hand, whether they are 
shrubs such as the rose and the honeysuckle, or trees like the elm 
and the maple, drop their leaves at the approach of winter. Their 
woody stems, being exposed to the elements, have to resist death 
from cold if they are to retain the size to which they have grown. 
For 1f the part above ground is killed, they have to start all over 
again from basal shoots. Many of our shrubs, ¢.g., many of the 
Callicarpas, the Spiketails, and the Buddleias, are having to do this 
now, and one might argue that no permanent injury has resulted. 
These plants, although woody, have simply been reduced to the 
somewhat anomalous position of membership in the class of 
herbaceous perennials. Still provided with vigorous roots, they 
can shoot up again with a rapid and extensive development of stem 
and leaves. In some regions, in fact, some of the Buddleias do 
