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7. The Japanese-American hybrids came through very well on 
the whole. The tips of the twigs were killed back in some cases, 
especially where there had been a third season’s growth in 1933 
and the wood was not mature. Most of this third season’s 
growth was pruned off in the spring of 1934. 
It is very interesting to see how the hardiness can 1n most cases 
be referred back to the native environment of these species. 
Thus the Chinese C. mollissima and the American C. dentata were 
perfectly hardy, while the European (‘‘Spanish’’) C. sativa and the 
Japanese C. crenata were susceptible, the former extremely so. 
Blight and Other Diseases.—Two of our Smith hybrids of 1931 
had side branches affected with blight; one of the Japanese forest 
type (78634) was badly blighted following winter injury; one of 
the Americans from seed received from Mr. Thomson in 1931 was 
slightly blighted; and one American from Portland, Maine, nine 
years old, was blighted entirely to the ground. Two of the 
Japanese forest type showed fungi in old pruning scars; in one 
case, Polystictus versicolor; in the other. P. pergamenus. In both 
cases the fungus appeared pathogenic, but the trouble may have 
been linked up with a weakening of the stem tissues through 
winter injury. 
Insects —The aphis (Calaphis castaneae) which was found on the 
leaves late in the summer of 1933, put in an early appearance this 
year (about July 10), curling the leaves and in a few cases causing 
them to become chlorotic. The trees were sprayed thoroughly 
with soap and nicotine sulphate five times in the summer, viz. 
July 15, 16, 28, August 19, September 1, with the result that the 
pest was kept under control. 
New Plantings and Distributions.—Besides the 17 hybrid seed- 
lings of 1933, 29 2-yr. old Spanish (C. sativa) chestnuts were 
planted in sod land (15 feet apart) at Hamden. These Euro- 
peans are from seed I arranged to have sent here when I visited 
European botanic gardens in 1932. There are still 21 Europeans 
from Berlin in the nursery at the Garden. In addition, 13 
Americans, from seed given us by Miss Hilda Loines, Dr. H. Kk. 
Svenson, and Dr. M. F. Schlesinger, were planted in the same lot. 
About 80 ‘“‘natural’”’ nuts, z.e. those which had developed without 
artificial pollination in our own plantations, were planted in 
newly cleared forest land in “‘spots’’ 6 feet apart. Trees of C, 
sativa from the Garden nursery were given to the following: 
