67 
flower structures and the drawings themselves were classified by 
the system of our Garden. Gradually, however, the desirability 
of certain changes became more and more convincing. 
Of more recent systems, that of Bessey and that of Hutchinson 
may be considered as somewhat extensive modifications of the 
Bentham and Hooker system. The Warming and Wettstein 
systems are less extensive modifications of the Engler system. 
Perhaps the truth may be near the middle of conflicting views. 
It may be possible to modify the Engler system slightly more 
than is done in the Warming and the Wettstein systems, but 
without departing from it so far as is done in the Bessey and the 
Hutchinson systems. This is attempted in the following outline 
of Dicotyledons, illustrated on p. 66: 
A. Carpels separate or single 
I. Magnoliflorae—Magnolia, Rose and perhaps Protea Groups of families. 
(Stamens usually numerous, petals separate or 
absent, flowers often large, mostly trees and shrubs) 
B. ren united 
. Flowers inconspicuous, CS wind fs nated 
; Beinene em ncrels and Ulmu oups. (Mostly trees and shrubs) 
b. Flowers with cor oy die en insect pollinated 
a Placentation usually pari 
III. Cistiflorae—Cistus, Papaver, tes ae Gourd Groups. (Sepals 
separate, stamens often numerous, embryo often 
curved) Cf. Bentham oe Hooker 
B Placentation central or basal 
. Dianthiflorae—Dianthus, Piper and Primula Groups. (Embryo usu- 
ally curved, mostly herbaceous plants). The con- 
nections Cactaceae-Aizoaceae and Frankeniaceae- 
— 
a 
— 
< 
Carvophyllaceae make this position necessary. 
¥ eal usually axtle 
. Ovary usually superior 
’, Geraniflorae— Soe ae and Rhamnus Groups. (Carpels often 
but slightly united, f in five’ 
=< 
floral parts often in : 
fate two staminate whorls, petals separate) 
Erica Group. (Floral parts as in Geranium Group, but 
svympetalous) 
. Solaniflorae—Solanum Group. (Carpels usually 2, stamens in single 
whorl, eect corolla sympetalous) 
. Ovary usually infer 
VIII. My Mane seta ee Hydrangea and ookas Groups. (Polypetalous) 
1X, Rubiflorae—Rubia and Composite Groups. (Sympetalous) 
< 
Ss 
. Ericaeflorae 
<a 
s 
_ 
HH 
