PAKS) 
white flowers (with or without a purple tinge) in spring; found 
usually in shale or serpentine; an interesting plant for the rock 
garden or wild garden.” The few existing plants on Staten Is- 
land, growing in a locality discovered since Torrey’s report, are 
seriously threatened by building, and in a few years this interesting 
and beautiful plant will cease to be a representative of the New 
York vegetation. The second of interest is the twin-flower (Lin- 
naea borealis var. americana), a northern plant found in a swamp 
at Babylon in 1871, but otherwise unknown from Long Island. 
There are two additional plants on Long Island which deserve 
mention. A single specimen of the Cloudberry or Bake-Apple 
berry (Rubus Chamaemorus), a well-known little plant in northern 
Europe and Canada, with fruit like a golden-yellow raspberry, was 
collected at Montauk by Dr. William Braislin, of Brooklyn, in 
1908. ‘Taylor? makes the following comment: “ Diligent search 
has since followed to disclose this plant, that at Montauk is hun- 
dreds of miles south of its true home. Migratory birds, known 
to make overnight flights from Labrador to Montauk, are supposed 
to be responsible for its introduction.” Associated with, or at 
least not far from the cloudberry, a small patch of the Arctic 
Crowberry (Lampetrim nigrum) persisted on the downs of Mon- 
tauk up to a few years ago, and perhaps still remains there. 
In discussing plants of value to the early settlers, the trees are 
of first importance. Reference has been made to Denton’s early 
account of timber on Long Island [see p. 208]. Then, as now, the 
most abundant tree was probably the pitch pine (Pinus rigida) 
(fig. 4), occupying vast barrens from Hempstead Plains to the 
eastern shore of Long Island. As a timber tree it was almost 
worthless, but had great value as a source of charcoal, turpentine 
and pitch. The pine barrens have been badly cut and fire-swept, 
and most of the early forests are now represented only by a few 
blackened spars protruding from the thickets. White pine (Pinus 
Strobus), a tree so valuable for timber in New England that it was 
utilized even for ship masts, was of rare and restricted occurrence 
on Long Island, but is believed to have been native in the vicinity 
of Sag Harbor. The oaks, white and red and black, all of which 
are still abundant on the Island, probably furnished the great sup- 
1 Brooklyn Bot. Gard. Memoirs. Vol. 2, part I, p. 24. 1923. 
