11 



EcKARD (B.). Uebertragung des Trypanosoma rhodesiense durch die 

 Glossina palpalis. [The transmission of Trypanosoma rhodesiense 

 by Glossina palpalis.] — CentraJbl. fur Bakt. Jena, xxii, nos. 1 & 2, 

 26th Nov. 1913, pp. 73-76. 



The results of recent work go to support Kleine's supposition that in 

 Africa, under suitable climatic conditions, any known pathogenic 

 trypanosome can develop in any species of Glossina, but to ascertain 

 if there is a special selection of any particular species of Glossina further 

 research is necessary. 



The author has now transmitted T. rhodesiense through G. j^alpalis. 

 This experiment was made on Tanganyika, with trypanosomes taken 

 from a man in Nyasaland ; 476 laboratory-bred G. palpalis were fed 

 for four days on infected guinea-pigs, and after a two days' fast were fed 

 on healthy goats and monkeys. The first trypanosomes were detected 

 on the 32nd day. By separating the Glossina and feeding them singly, 

 twelve flies were ascertained to be infective. Besides these, nine that 

 died after the 10th day showed developing trypanosomes. Three of 

 the infective flies were used to test the infectiousness of their several 

 organs. After sucking blood from healthy animals for two days, they 

 were anaesthetised with chloroform, the salivary glands, proventriculus, 

 and intestine were removed and subcutaneously injected into nine 

 different healthy monkeys. On the fifth day trypanosomes were 

 apparent in all of these. This corresponds with the results obtained 

 by Kinghorn and Yorke in similar tests with G. morsitans, but is con- 

 trary to those of Kleine, Eckard, and M. Robertson, who were unable 

 to convey trypanosomes to monkeys when using the intestine or pro- 

 ventriculus of G. palpalis, the salivary glands alone proving infectious. 

 (In a footnote the author adds that Kleine and Eckard have continued 

 their work, and subsequently only the salivary glands were found 

 infectious in the case of eleven out of thirteen flies). As it is probable 

 that T. rhodesiense and T. garnbiense develop similarly in Glossina, 

 the reasons for the different results recjuired investigation. A technical 

 error could not alone account for it. Among other things, the possibility 

 of the results being influenced by the age of the fhes was considered. 

 In Kleine and Eckard's experiments the average age of the infectious 

 Glossina w^as fifty to sixty days, whereas in the author's case it was only 

 forty. To decide this point a fly was kept alive for fifty-four days. 

 In this instance only the monkey injected with the salivary glands fell 

 ill on the fifth day as usual. A microscopic examination showed 

 numerous trypanosomes in the intestines of the fly, and therefore the 

 author supposes that the development of trypanosomes in the intestine 

 ceases gradually, and that the virulent parasites migrate to the salivary 

 glands. 



Taylor (F. H.). Report of Entomologist. — Reprinted from the 

 Report for the Year 1911 of the Australian Institute of Tropical 

 Medicine, Townsville, May 1913, 24 pp., 3 pis. 



The report is practically an annotated list of North Australian blood- 

 sucking flies and ticks, principally from the vicinity of Townsville, 

 Queensland. Of mosquitos, 17 species are recorded, of which four are 



