Jongipsnnis. though at first unsuccessful, eventually resulted in the 

 infection of a monkey ; trypanosonies resembling T. cazalboiii were 

 found in the blood. 



Andeeson (T. J.). Ticks and biting Insects of Nairobi. — Nairobi Labor- 

 atory Reports, January-June 1912, iii, 191o. pp. 19-22. 



A list, prepared by the author, of the biting insects and ticKS found 

 in the country to date, with their localities, is embodied in the report. 



WoosNAM (R. B.). Tlie Question of the Relation of Game Animals 

 to Disease in Africa. — Jl. E. Africa and Uganda Nat. Hist. 

 Soc, Nairobi, iv, no. 7, Dec. 1913, pp. 3-4. 



The author sets forth the chief points at issue in the c[uestion of the 

 relation of game animals to disease in Africa, summarising the con- 

 clusions arrived at in connection with sleeping sickness by many 

 authorities upon the subject, and recorded in the " Sleeping Sickness 

 Bulletin " during the past years. Referring to one of the most recent 

 controversies upon the subject, namely, as to whether the big game 

 act as a reservoir for the virus of the disease and should in consequence 

 be destroyed, the author says that from the point of view of game 

 preservation there are six questions which need answers, and that until 

 they are answered, it is impossible to decide upon a definite plan of 

 campaign. Briefly these questions are : — (1) Are game animals the 

 only wild animals which are acting as reservoirs for trypanosomes ? 

 (2) Are the trypanosomes found in the blood of game animals pathogenic 

 for man and domestic animals ? And if so, are not the trypanosoiues 

 found in the blood of other animals also pathogenic ? (3) Are tsetse- 

 flies {Glossina) the only transmitting agents of these trypanosomes 

 in the infected areas ? (4) Are game animals the only source from 

 which the tsetse-flies or other transmitting agents draw their blood 

 supply ? And if not what are the other source of supply ? (5) Can 

 tsetse-flies live and breed upon food other than blood, such as plant 

 juices ? (6) Are the distribution, increase, and spread of tsetse-flies, 

 if this latter occurs, dependent upon game alone ? And if not, what are 

 the governing factors ? 



Experiments which might yield answers to these questions are then 

 indicated. 



King (H. H.). Observations on tiie breeding places of Sand-flies 

 {Phlebotomns spp.) in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. — Jl. Trop. Med. 

 and Hyg., T^ondon, xvii, no. 1, 1st Jan. 1914, pp. 2-3. 



Up to the present, obseryers have, on the whole, been of the opinion 

 that the breeding places of sand-flies {PJdehotomus spp.) are in crevices 

 in rocks or cement or stone walls, or among bricks and refuse. The 

 author believes, however, that soil and sand are also favourite breeding 

 places. On one occasion he unearthed a single larva from soil in a 

 cotton-field at Tokar, in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan ; he now records 

 the taking of a number of larvae in soil at Khartoum, and the emergence 

 of the adults under abnormal conditions. In May 1913, soil was taken 

 from between rows of orange and lime trees in the grounds of Gordon 

 College, and placed in glass jars. The soil was soaked with water 



