44 



EwiNG (H. E.). Some External Parasites of Poultry. — Oregon Agric. 

 College, Corvallis, 1913, Bull. 92 (Exten. Ser. ii, no. 5), 16 pp., 

 12 figs. [Received 18th Feb. 1914.] 



The universally distributed parasites of poultry, Argas 'persicus and 

 Dermanyssiis gallinae, are dealt with, and the usual remedies are 

 recommended [cf. this Review, Ser. B. i, p. 23, ii, p. 21]. The disease 

 known as scabies or scaly leg of chickens is caused by the itch mite, 

 Cnemidocopes mutans, Robin, which attacks especially the combs 

 and legs. Upon the combs the injury shows as small white specks 

 and folds covered with scales. The injury to the legs begins in the 

 form of small blisters between the scales, which enlarge and rupture, 

 causing the serum to dry and producing a chaffy scale. As a remedy 

 it is suggested that the affected parts should be soaked first with hot 

 soap-suds and much of the scabby material removed, and these parts 

 then treated with any good ointment containing sulphur, a strong 

 kerosene solution, or commercial lime-sulphur diluted at the rate of one 

 part of the solution to 9 or 10 parts of water. Menopon pallidum, 

 Nitzsch, the common hen louse, produces irritation by its movements 

 over the skin, and may prove a very serious pest when it becomes 

 abundant on small chickens. It attacks especially the head region. 

 The eggs are laid among the feathers and the young as well as the 

 adults feed chiefly on the barbules of the feathers. As a remedy, 

 dress the chickens with either kerosene, or a mixture of plaster of 

 Paris and carbohc acid, or slaked lime and sulphur. The following 

 mixture is also a good one : Crude carbolic acid, |- pint ; gasoline, 

 1| pts. ; plaster of Paris, 5 lb. It may also be necessary to spray 

 the nests and buildings with kerosene or gasoline. These control 

 measures will also serve for the large hen louse, Menopon biseriatum, 

 Piaget. Tfinoton Indium, Nitzsch, occurs on a great many species of 

 ducks, but on no other birds ; and many species of wild clucks found 

 in the United States, as well as the domesticated ones, are infested with 

 another biting louse, Lipeurus squaUdus, Nitzsch ; both species 

 may be treated in the same way as T. Indium. T. lituratum, Nitzsch, 

 occurs on the goose, and Goniodes styUfer, Nitzsch, is commonly found 

 wherever turkeys are raised. As control measures against the fowl flea, 

 Echidnophaga gallinacea, Westw., the infested quarters should be 

 cleared of all loose trash and rubbish, which should be burned. The 

 houses, crates and coops should be sprayed with kerosene, gasoHne 

 or distillate oil, the walls of the houses being drenched so that the oil 

 will penetrate the cracks. In some parts of the country, especially 

 in the Western States, the common flea in poultry houses is the bird 

 flea, Ceratophyllus lusavium, Tasch. 



Fantham(H. B.), & Porter (A.). The pathogenicity of Nosema apis 

 to insects other than hive-bees. — Ann. Trop. Med. & Parasit., 

 Liverpool, Series T. M., vh, no. 4, 30th Dec. 1913, pp. 569-579. 



Some experiments made with insects other than Apis mellifera 

 tend to show that the pathogenicity of Nosema apis is far from being 

 restricted to the hive-bee. The authors have reached the following 

 conclusions: (1) Nosefna apis has been proved pathogenic to 

 Hymenoptera other than bees ; it can multiply in the alimentary 

 canals of humble bees, mason bees and wasps, and can bring about 



