45 



the death of the hosts. (2) Contamination of plants with infected 

 excrement occurs in the neighbourhood of badly infected hives. Such 

 contaminated food is pathogenic to the larvae of cabbage white 

 butterflies {Pieris), cinnabar moths {Tyria jacobeae) and gooseberry 

 moths {Abraxas grossidariata), in which Nosema apis produces 

 destruction of the tissue of the ahmentary canal in the same way as 

 in bees. Both imagines and larvae of these insects become infected 

 with microsporidiosis when supplied with food contaminated \\nth 

 Nosema spores. (3) CaUiphora erythrocephala, the blow-fiy, becomes 

 infected naturally by ingesting Nosema spores contained in the 

 sweet excrement of bees ; this infection has been repeated experi- 

 mentally. Crane-flies may also become infected. (4) A Hippoboscid 

 fiy, Melophagus ovinus, has been infected successfully with Nosema 

 apis, which is pathogenic to it. 



It is suggested that search be made by competent observers in 

 Glossina for microsporidian parasites alhed to the Nosema of bees ; 

 for should such a pathogenic organism be found it might be a forward 

 step in the solving of the problem of sleeping sickness. 



Theobald (F. V.). New Culicidae from the Sudan. — Ann. Trop. Med. 

 & Parasit., Liverpool, Series T.M., vii, no. 4, 30th Dec. 1913, 

 pp. 591-602, 2 figs. 



From a collection of Culicidae sent by Mr. Harold King from the 

 Sudan, the following new species have been described, the types of 

 which are in the collection of the Liverpool School of Tropical 

 Medicine : — Mucidus nigerrimus, Taeniorlnjnchus (Chrgsocotiops) 

 nocturnus, OcJilerotatus (Reedomyia) sudanensis, Stegomyia {Kingia) 

 maculoabdominalis, Ochlerotatus {Aedimorphus) quinquepunctatus, 0. 

 {Culicelsa)centropvncfatns, and Culex [Heptaphlebomyia) kingii. 



Carter (H. F.). On certain mosquitos of the genera Banksinella, Theo- 

 bald, and Taeniorhynchis, Arribalzaga. — Ann. Trop. Med. & 

 Parasit., Liverpool, Series T.M., vii, no. 4, 30th Dec. 1913, 

 pp. 581-589, 6 figs. 



After an examination of the male genital armatures of numerous 

 species of African mosquitos, the author states that Banksinella palpalis, 

 Newst. {Neo7nela,noconion palpale, Newest.) is specifically distinct from 

 B. luteolateralis, Theo. ; Taeniorhynchns maculipennis, Theo., which 

 was recently placed as a synonym of T. annettii, Theo., by F. W. 

 Edwards, is also a valid species, with which Edwards now agrees ; 

 while the author agrees with Edwards in sinking T. violaceus, Theo., 

 as a synonym of T. mefallicns, Theo. 



O'Farrel (W. R.). Hereditary infection, with special reference to its 

 occurrence in Hyalomma aegyptium infected with Critliidia 

 hiialommae. — Ann. Trop. Med. & Parasit., Liverpool, Series T.M. 

 vii, no. 4, 30th Dec. 1913, pp. 545-555, 3 pis. 



In a preliminary note (Aug. 1913) the author gave a brief description 

 of the flagellate stage and discussed the movements of Critkidia 

 hyalmmnae, O'Farrel, 1913. The practical proofs of the hereditary 

 transmission of C. hyalommae are as follows : — (1) The intestinal 



