48 



tion must be given to drainage, improved methods of agriculture, 

 oiling, screening, and the proper use of quinine ; but above all, the 

 co-operation of the population in the methods undertaken must be 

 gained. Dr. Watson, referring to Dr. Bahr's suggestion with regard 

 to abolishing rice-fields, thinks that such a step cannot be recommended, 

 and notes that in British Guiana the mosquito can be held in check 

 by a system of completely flooding the rice-fields, and then rapidly 

 drawing ofE the water. With reference to sanitation, Dr. Watson 

 thinks that oiling all the collections of water over the country would 

 never rid the country of malaria ; it would be better to show the 

 people that it is in their interests commercially to grow rice in a certain 

 way, and by showing them a profit and incidentally reaping a health 

 advantage out of it, the object desired is most likely to be attained. 



Beal (W. p. B.). Report Vet. Dept. Government of the Gold Coast for 

 1912, Coomassie, 17th Nov. 1913, pp. 7 and 17. 



The number of biting flies (chiefly Stomoxys) has been markedly 

 lowered by the abolition of dung pits. Horseboys now carry all 

 excreta and soiled bedding, etc., to the incinerators where they are 

 immediately burnt. During the year there was an outbreak of 

 trypanosomiasis among horses and mules at Accra. In May, Dr. 

 O'Brien, Medical Officer of Health, found 1 horse and 4 mules to be 

 infected. Between 30th July and 9th Sept. the author examined 

 the blood of 83 horses and mules at Accra, and found 4 horses and 1 

 mule infected. Records show the existence of trypanosome infection 

 in the cattle killed at the Accra slaughter house, which are taken from 

 a herd replenished by breeding locally and in the Addah district, with 

 an occasional importation from the Northern Territories, French 

 Sudan and Togoland. This herd must be considered to be a reservoir 

 for spreading trypanosomiasis. The author does not think that 

 Glossina is here responsible for infecting the horses and mules, as these 

 flies are rare in the locality. After further search two species of 

 Stomoxys and one species of Lyjjerosia were found. These flies were 

 very common, especially among cattle, and they will always maintain 

 an endemic form of trypanosomiasis in the local herd. The author 

 adduces evidence to show that 3 of the horses belonged to natives, 

 who frequently ride among the cattle, and must have been infected 

 from the latter. One of these horses was stabled about 30 yards from 

 the 4 mules, no great distance for an infected Sfomoxys to fly. The 

 fourth horse belonged to a European and the author thinks it probable 

 that infection was conveyed from cattle which frequently grazed 

 around that particular stable. The species of trypanosome concerned 

 in the outbreak in May showed a marked morphological resemblance 

 to T. cazalboui. As shewn in the preceding report for 1911-12 [cf. 

 this Review, Ser. B, i, p. 19] the administration of certain arsenical 

 preparations as a prophylactic in a tsetse-fly district was of some use. 

 During the past year a cheaper form than " Orsudan " was 

 recommended, namely white arsenic. 2 to 3 grs. to be given daily 

 when trekking through fly country. 



TowNSEND (C. H. T.). On the Identity of Verruga and Carrion's 



Fever. Science, New York, xxxix, i6th Jan. 1914, pp.. 99-100. 



Following upon the reopening of the question as to whether Carrion's 



