49 



fever and eruptive verruga (so-called) are respectively malignant 

 and benign forms of one disease or entirely different diseases, which 

 was discussed by Dr. Strong at Lima in November last, the present 

 author gives some facts which bear upon the entomological and pro- 

 tozoological aspects of the case, and which uphold the theory of the 

 unity of these diseases. These facts are as follows : — Carrion's fever 

 and eruptive verruga have the same geographical distribution ; they 

 are connected by every grade of chnical symptoms ; the bone pains 

 which are characteristic of the benign form often occur with marked 

 severity and such high temperature that the case must be diagnosed 

 as malignant or Carrion's fever rather than benign or eruptive 

 verruga ; Carrion's fever is always followed by the eruption, usually 

 of the miliary, but sometimes of the nodular type, the latter being 

 more distinctive of the benign form, this indicating the identity" of 

 the malignant and benign forms etiologically. Infection by Phleboto- 

 tnus verrucarum from the same locality produces both in man and 

 laboratory animals sometimes one and sometimes the other form of 

 disease, apparently according to the severity of the infection, due to the 

 number of Phlebofomits concerned, or to the degree of resistance of the 

 host infected. The bodies named Bartonia bacilUforntis are present 

 in both ; these are not specific organisms, but changes wrought in the 

 red cells by the activities of the as yet undiscovered verruga organism ; 

 neither Carrion's fever nor verruga eruption can be produced by the 

 injection of blood containing Bartonia bodies alone, but both can be 

 produced in man by injection of the virus from the human eruption, 

 and the benign form can be produced in laboratory animals by such 

 injection. Cases of eruption following either disease often, if not 

 always, confer immunity against both. It is practically certain that 

 the reservoir of infection, whatever it may be, supplies but one kind of 

 microbe capable of developing in and being transmitted by the 

 Phkboiomus. Both diseases are amenable to the same treatment, 

 so far as this has been determined for either. All these facts have been 

 verified by the author during his investigation of verruga transmission, 

 in the verruga zones and in the laboratory ; a few experiments are 

 quoted, indicating the lines on which the work was done. 



Britton (W. E.). Mosquito Control Work in Connecticut in 1913. — 

 Rept. Connecticut Agric. Ex.pt. Sta. for 1913, New Haven, 1914, 

 pp. 242-249, 1 pi. 



An act was passed in the State of Connecticut during 1913 under 

 which any accumulation of water in which mosquitos are breeding 

 is declared a public nuisance. It is also made the duty of the health 

 officer to investigate any reported breeding place and order it to be 

 abolished, screened or treated so as to prevent the breeding of 

 mosquitos. 



An examination of the pools and ditches in the park at Meriden, 

 which are kept oiled, showed that the breeding of mosquitos had not 

 been entirely prevented by this means. Some parts of West River 

 were found to be teeming with larvae, and this probably accounts for 

 the annual scourge of CaJex pipiens experienced, during at least three 

 years, from the end of July until the cold weather. As soon as possible 

 the river and canals connected with it were oiled. Kerosene was used 



