54 



the larvae of the wax-moth, GalJerla 'lyiolhnclhi. The result of this 

 work was to show that the tuberculosis bacillus when injected into 

 the gnib was quickly destroyed and the grub was not infected. Further 

 experiments have shown that this destruction of the bacillus is due 

 probably to a lipolytic ferment secreted by the cells of the body of the 

 grub. The author has also experimented upon other insects, notably 

 the caterpillar of Achraea grisella, which also feeds upon the wax in 

 bee-hives. The bacilli of human tuberculosis were injected in large 

 numbers, and all were destroyed within a few hours. The effect of 

 injecting the bacilli from other animals was then tested : those from 

 an ox proved harmless, being quickly destroyed ; but the bacilli 

 from fish caused the infection and death of the grubs, at the ordinary 

 room temperature. If, however, the temperature was raised to 

 35° C. (the temperature which is most favourable for the growth and 

 reproduction of the insects) the injected fish bacilli were destroyed. 



Laveran, (A), & Franchixi (G.) Infections experimentales de 

 Mammiferes par des Flagolles du Tube digestif de CtenocephaJus- 

 canis et Ci* Anopheles macidiqiennis. [Experimental infection of 

 mammals with Flagellates from the alimentary canal of Cfenoce- 

 phalus cams and Anopheles maculipennis.^ — C. R. Acad. Sci., 

 Paris, clvii, no. 18, 3rd Nov. 1913, pp. 744-747. 



In a previous communication the authors showed that it is possible 

 to infect mice with Herpetomonas cfenocephalis, a flagellate of the 

 ahmentary canal of the dog flea [c/. this Review, Ser. B., i p. 177]. The 

 results recorded in the present paper show that the flagellates of the 

 alimentary tract of ^no^Aefes maculipennis can be similarly transmitted 

 to rats and mice. In both cases the infections are characterised by 

 the presence in the blood, liver and spleen of the typical Leishmania 

 bodies. In animals infected with Crifhidia fascicidata no flagellate 

 elements were observed ; the presence of these elements is exceptional 

 in the infection due to Herpetomonas ctenocepJiali. 



Laveran (A.), & Franchini (G.). Infection naturelle du rat et de la 

 souris au moyen de puces de rat parasit^es par Herpetomonas 

 pattoni. [Natural infection of rats and mice by rat fleas parasi- 

 tised by Herpetomonas pattoni.] — C.R. Acad. Sci., Paris, clviii, 

 no. 7, 16th Feb. 1914. pp. 450-453. 



Following upon the experiments which showed that rats and mice 

 could be infected by the flagellates from the alimentary canals of 

 Ctenocephalus canis or of Anopheles maculipennis [see above], 

 the authors have gone on to show that it is possible to infect these 

 animals with the flagellates of the rat flea, Ceratophyllus fasciat us, 

 identified by Chalton and Delanoe as Herpetomonas pattoni, Swingle, 

 and with Crithidia melophagi, which are frequently found in the 

 alimentary tract of the sheep fly, Melophagvs ovinus. These results 

 lend some support to the opinion of those who hold that the trypano- 

 somes of vertebrates and those of Leishmania originate as the 

 flagellates of an invertebrate. 



