58 



already felled in the clearing operations, instead of visiting neigh- 

 bouring fly-infested forests for wood. Removal of villages has not 

 been insisted on as a compulsory measure, since it is hoped that per- 

 suasion will work better. 



RouBAUD (E.) & Lafont (A.). Experiences de transmission de trypano- 

 somes humains d'Afrique par les moustiques des habitations 



{Siegoynyia fasciata). [Experiments on the transmission of human 

 trypanosomes by the mosquito of dwelling houses {Stegomyia 

 fasciafa).]^BvU. Soc. Path. Exot., Paris, vii, no. 1, 14th Jan. 

 1914, pp. 49-52. 



The authors have carried out a series of experiments on the trans- 

 mission of human trypanosomes by Stegomyia fasciata. Similar work 

 has been done previously by Blanchard and Heckenroth at Brazzaville 

 [see this Revieir. Ser. B., i. p. 187]. The material for the present 

 experiments consisted of larvae of the mosquito sent by Dr. Dupont 

 from the European and native quarters of Dakar m Senegal ; these 

 were reared to the adult condition, and kept in large cages measurmg 

 6| feet in height, and 5 feet in length and width, with suitable arrange- 

 ments for introducing the cages containing the animals to be experi- 

 mented with. The experiments, which lasted for three months, were 

 confined to inoculations with the two species of human tr^^panosomes, 

 T. gamhiense and T. rhodesiense, the virus being obtained either 

 directly from Senegal or from the laboratory of M. Mesnil. Experi- 

 mental conditions, such as the species of the animal, the duration of 

 its exposure to the mosquitos, the relative distances between infected 

 and uninfected animals, etc., were varied as much as possible ; the 

 general principle being to place in the fly cage a cage containing infected 

 animals (rats, guinea-pigs, patas monkeys), another cage containing 

 uninfected animals being introduced either at the same time or later. 

 In addition to »S. fasciata, a few specimens of Culex b-fasciatus and 

 •6*. decens were present, but not in sufficiently large numbers to play 

 an important role in the experiments. The results showed that infec- 

 tion was only produced in those animals which had been placed very 

 near the infected animals, and only then when the latter were heavily 

 infected ; the mosquitos being only capable of transmitting the virus 

 mechanically immediately after the infective feed. A distance of 

 one yard separatmg the animals' cages was sufficient to protect the 

 uninfected animals from infection. It was also demonstrated that 

 the virus became inactive 24 hours after being mgested by the mosquito. 



The authors hold, however, that in spite of the somewhat negative 

 character of these results, the evidence that mosquitos carry human 

 trypanosomes is not lessened. The animals used in the experiments 

 were small, and covered with hair, which rendered them less hable 

 to being bitten than are human beings. The monkeys used were 

 only attacked on those places where they had been shaved. Within 

 certain limits, mechanical transmission of hmnan trvpanosomiasis 

 by mosquito is quite possible. 



RouBAUD (E.). Parasitisme chez les reptiles du Phlebotomus minutiis, 

 Rend., var. africanns, Newstead. — Bidl. Soc. Path. Exot., Paris, 

 vii, no. 1, 14t'h Jan. 1914, pp. 83-85. 



The variety africanns of Phlebotomus minutus is widely distributed 



