71 



contradicts the definite statement seen by the author that " JudJowii 

 is exclusively a saline breeder." It may also breed in salt or brackish 

 water as well . 



Smith (S. A.). The Development of Anojjheles pimdipennis, Say. — 

 Psyche, Boston, Mass., xxi, no. 1, Feb. 1914, pp. 1-19, 2 pis. 



Ano-pheles punctipennis is a strictly American species, and there is 

 growing up a reasonable doubt as to whether in the North it is reallv 

 a malaria-carrier, or at least whether the malaria carried by it is not 

 different from that conveyed by A. mactdipennis. Experiments were 

 made by John Hopkins in which he allowed 58 females of A. puncti- 

 pennis to bite patients suffering from aestivo-autunmal malaria, but 

 afterwards no parasites were found in the walls of the stomach or 

 intestine, in the body cavity, or in the salivary glands. This, how- 

 ever, seems of little value, for out of 48 similar inoculations of 

 A. 7nactdi'pen7iis only 8 were infected. A. pnnctipennis in the stages of 

 larvae, pupae and eggs have been taken from seven different pools near 

 Ithaca, from October to the middle of August. The people living 

 close by do not suffer from malaria, whereas down on the flats at the 

 head of Cayuga Lake, where A. maculipennis is common, there is 

 always more or less malaria. The details of the conditions of the pools 

 in which specimens were gathered are given. The larvae were found 

 to feed chiefly on surface algae, though small animals are attacked. 

 Dr. J. B. Smith in his account of mosquitos and their enemies places 

 as the chief enemy weather conditions, and next, diseases. Chironomid 

 larvae, which build their tubes in the algal filaments, have often been 

 observed to destroy the larvae of A. punctipennis. According to 

 Kulagin, mating occurs in the autumn or rarely after hibernation, and 

 the females deposit their eggs during the whole of the next spring and 

 summer. He considers there is but one generation in a season. 

 Dupree found that specimens kept in the laboratory would lay at six 

 or seven different periods, from 100 to 300 eggs at a time being deposited 

 singly or in small clusters. They are apt to float below the surface 

 although some are on the surface, with the concave side downwards. 

 Five stages of the larva are described and also the pupa. The period 

 of the larval stage is between 21 and 25 days, the pupal period being 

 about two days. The paper concludes with a lengthy bibliography. 



Hutchison (R. H.). The Migratory Habit of House fly Larvae as Indi- 

 cating a Favourable Remedial Measure. -/??///. U. S. Dept. 

 Agric, Washington, D.C., no. 14, 28th Feb. 1914, 11 pp. 



The migratory habit, which is so much in evidence during the 

 prepupal stage of the house-fly, has long been known, and in this paper 

 the author cites numerous instances. It is quite evident that as 

 pupation draws near the larvae pass from the very moist regions of a 

 manure heap and seek the comparatively dry outer regions. If no 

 such places are to be found in the heap, they will leave it to pupate in 

 the ground, under boards or stones, or in loose material of any kind. 

 The habit of seeking the comparatively dry regions near the edge of 

 heaps is probably an adaptation to afford an easy path to freedom 

 for the adult. At the same time the larvae avoid light and also the 

 extremely hot portions of the manure heap. This habit offers an 



