73 \ '- 



MiTZMAiN (M. B.). Insect Transmission of Anthrax. — Jl. Trop. Med. 

 and Hyg., London, xvii, no. 4, 16th Feb. 1914, pp. 61 (Abstract). 



The author gives a preliminary note of a number of experiments on 

 the role of suctorial insects in the dissemination of anthrax. The 

 experiments were made with an artificiallv infected guinea-pig, which 

 died of the disease upon the third day. The flies were applied two 

 and a half hours to a few minutes before the death of the animal. 

 Guinea-pigs were used to receive the infective bites of Stomoxys 

 calcitrans and Tabanus striatus. With both species the infection was 

 successfully transferred by the direct method in which the flies were 

 interrupted while feeding on the sick animal. The exposed animals 

 died during the evening of the third day, typical symptoms of 

 anthrax being exhibited, and in addition a gelatinous and haemorrhagic 

 oedema was observed in the subcutaneous region of the area upon which 

 the flies were applied in biting. The agar cultures when in"ected 

 reproduced the disease in guinea-pigs wnth fatal results. Similar 

 results were obtained in all essentials when horse flies were used to 

 transfer the disease. A series of experiments is at present being 

 conducted with anthrax in cattle and horses, guinea-pigs and other 

 rodents being employed as intermediate hosts for the disease. 



May (Dr. A.). Report upon Sleeping Sickness in Northern Rhodesia to 

 December 1913. — Administration Press, Livingstone, 1914, 29 pp. 



Luapula, Mweru and Tanganyika Areas. The whole country to the 

 east of the Luapula and Lake Mweru has been depopulated, and it may 

 now be reasonably considered that practically all risk of the extension 

 of the disease is at an end. There are now 23 cases under treatment, 

 and it seems improbable that this number wnll be increased. Re- 

 strictions on the movements of the natives need now aim only at the 

 prevention of their return to Ghssina palpalis areas. In the Tangan- 

 yika District (Dr. W. H. T. Storrs) no fresh case of the disease 

 has been found since October 1910. Since the establishment of the 

 Segregation Camp the total number of cases admitted has been 34. 

 There are now 6 patients in this camp ; it is anticipated that these 

 can shortly be discharged with safety and the camp closed. Regarding 

 the distribution of Glossiiia palpalis, it is found there has been no 

 extension of fly up the Lovu River beyond the limit defined by Dr. 

 Leach (1909). The Lake shore was also examined from Kasakalawe 

 to Kituta, and also some 6 or 7 miles up the Lunzua River. Fly was 

 abundant at both Kasakalawe and Niamkolo, but none was found|at 

 Ejtuta. In the Mweru District (the late Dr. D. C. Master) one new 

 case of the disease has been found during the last 18 months. Owing 

 to the complete removal of the population from infected areas it is 

 unlikely that more than a very few as yet undetected cases will be 

 found in this district. No change has taken place in the distribution 

 of Ghssina palpalis previously recorded, except that during July, as 

 noted by Dr. E. G. Storrs, no fly could be found at the mouth of the 

 Luao River. This is probably a seasonal change only in the dis- 

 tribution of this species ; fly was numerous in this place during the 

 preceding February. It is abundant on the Belgian shore close to 

 Kilwa Island, but a careful palpation of the population did not lead 



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