76 



Lualaba and Lubudi rivers, but only on a strip about 1| to 2 miles in 

 breadth on their left bank and in the valleys of the lower reaches of all 

 the chief tributaries. The fly is absent on the high lands west of 

 Kinda, though its occurrence in the deep and wooded valleys may be 

 suspected. It sometimes shifts its habitat, and though at one time 

 unknown at Lualaba Kraal, it is now frequently found there up^ to 

 within 12 miles of the river. It is present in sufficient numbers in 

 the Kapiri valley to infect cattle in the neighbourhood. The grassy 

 steppes of the high plateaus are free. This apphes also to the high 

 plateau which constitutes the Rhodesian frontier between Sakabinda 

 and Musofi, although the fly passes the latter place and infests the 

 district between it and Ehsabethville. Mounts Kundelungu and 

 Marunga are nearly free, especially in the higher parts. The rapid 

 disappearance of the fly at Elisabethville and in its envii'ons is remark- 

 able. Four years ago a cyclist would be subjected to the attacks of 

 hundreds of flies as soon as the sun had warmed the cool morning air. 

 In 1911, the pest had begun to abate, although many mules were still 

 lost when engaged in transport-work between Elisabethville and La 

 Chasse. In 1912, the conditions had still further improved. At the 

 former locality 3 horses were kept for G months without bein 

 attacked ; a number of mules were employed in agricultural Avork in 

 the neighbourhood and the majority are still healthy ; many dogs 

 live there in perfect health. 



As regards game destruction, it may be said that in certain cases 

 this measure may be useful, but quite without effect in others. 

 Deforestation is also a measure of doubtful value. The clearing of all 

 shrubs and bushes appears useful if effected over very large areas. 

 So far no really practical measure for eliminating G. morsitans has 

 been devised, and it is only by entrusting the work to specialists 

 furnished with ample funds for experiments on a large scale, that results 

 may be expected. 



RouBAUD (E.). Les Mouches piqueuses en Afrique occidentale et les 

 Maladies a Trypanosomes. [Blood-sucking flies and trypanosome 

 diseases in West Africa.] — Bull. Soc. Nat. Acclimat., Paris, ]x, 

 no. 23, 1st Dec. 1913, pp. 737-743. 



A concise summary is given of the present position of research in 

 connection with trypanosomiasis in West Africa, especially in relation 

 to the flies of the genera Glossina and Stomoxys. In French West 

 Africa there exists six species of the genus Glossina : G. palpalis, 

 G. tachinoides, G. morsitans, G. longipalpis, G. fusca, and G. jKillicera, 

 all of which are capable of transmitting the trypanosomes, though 

 their power of infecting man or animals varies greatly in different 

 localities. In addition to species of Glossina and Stomoxys some of the 

 Tabanidae, but not Hippoboscidae, are regarded as possible disease- 

 bearers. The author points out the fundamental importance of a 

 knowledge of the biology of these insects in all questions deahng with 

 the rearing and introduction of animals in regions Avhere the flies 

 occur. 



