84 



obtained. The map accompanying the paper shows the fly area, 

 from which shooting parties or others who visit the neighbourhood, 

 can learn what areas it would be desirable to avoid. The following 

 species of game and other animals are represented on both sides of 

 the Amala in the portion investigated : — Khinoceros, hippopotamus, 

 giraffe, eland, waterbuck, zebra, roan antelope, wildebeest, topi, 

 Coke's hartebeest, impala, reedbuck, bushbuck, steinbuck, oribi, 

 duiker, Uon, leopard, cheetah, serval cat, wart-hog, baboons and other 

 monkeys, hares and numerous other small mammals ; also birds such 

 as guineafowl and francolin. In the fly area blood smears were 

 obtained from topi, impala, zebra, wart-hog, and a hare ; on 

 examination none of these was found to contain trypanosomes. 



Austen (E. E.). New African Tabanidae. Part IV. — Bull. Entwn. 

 Research, London, iv, pt. 4, Feb. 1914, pp. 283-300, 5 figs. 



The following seven new species of Tabanidae are described from 

 various parts of Africa : — Pangoniinae : Chrysops pallidula from 

 Angola ; Tabaninae : Haematopota hastata from Sierra Leone 

 Protectorate, Gold Coast (Northern Territories), and Northern Nigeria ; 

 H. harpax from the Belgian Congo ; H. macuhsifacies from German 

 East Africa ; H. in-gluviosa from Southern and Northern Rhodesia ; 

 H. edax and H. nigripennis from the Uganda Protectorate. 



Macfie (J. W. S.). A Note on the Action of Common Salt on the 

 Larvae of Slegomyia fasciata . — Bull. Enfom. Research, London, iv, 

 pt. 4, Feb. 1914, pp. 339-344, 1 pi. 



Graham pointed out in 1910, that measures designed to destroy 

 mosquito larvae, are either those W'hich directly destroy the larva or 

 those which indirectly do so by destroying its food material. 

 Experimentally he found with Pyretophorus costalis that 3 per cent, 

 solutions of common salt precipitated the algal food of the larvae 

 causing them to become cannibalistic : in lesser concentrations, the 

 growth of very young larvae was inhibited, possibly because their food 

 material was destroyed, but hypertonic solutions hastened the develop- 

 ment of fully grown larvae. The author gives an account of experi- 

 ments made by him to determine to what extent the action of salt on 

 mosquito larvae is due to the destruction of their natural food supply, 

 and to what extent it is due to the hypertonic nature of the solution. 

 The larvae employed were those of Stegomyia fasciata, this species 

 being chosen because its breeding places can be most easily treated, 

 and also on account of its importance in the transmission of yellow 

 fever. A first series of experiments consisted of placing larvae in 

 pure water containing salt, the solutions being of strengths between 

 0'5 per cent, and 5 per cent. The stronger the solution, the more 

 quickly the larvae died, and as the factor of precipitation was omitted 

 by the use of pure water, the result shows that the action was purely 

 osmotic ; the lowest concentration, 0"5 per cent, seemed to have 

 little effect. It was found that the presence of debris, etc. did not 

 appreciably alter the action of the salt solution. In a second series 

 of experiments, in which solutions more dilute than the foregoing were 

 used, to see if inhibition of development occurred owing to the pre- 



