90 



which were made to see whether the infection was caused by inoculation 

 of the parasites when the flea bites the mouse, or whether it was caused 

 by the mouse swallowing the fleas. Mice were fed on bread containing 

 heavily infected fleas {Ceratophyllus fasciatus) ; in every case the 

 nfection was transmitted, which seems to prove that, if not the only 

 method of infection, the swallowing of the fleas by the mice is an 

 important one. This fits in also with the fact that the flagellates (in 

 the present case Herpeto^nonas pattoni) are found almost exclusively in 

 the posterior part of the alimentary canal of the flea, and it would be 

 difficult to imagine how they could reach the mouth to be inoculated 

 into the mouse. The authors succeeded also in infecting mice by 

 causing them to swallow material infected with Crithidia melophagi. 



LucET (A.). Recherches sur I'Evolution de VHypodermabovis (de Geer) 

 et les Moyens de le detruire. [Experiments on the Ufe-history of 

 Hypoderma bovis and means of destroying it.] — C. R. Acad. Sci., 

 Paris, clviii, nos. 11 and 13, 16th and 30th March 1914, pp. 812- 

 814 and 968-970. 



The effect of the parasite Hypoderma bovis on cattle is very serious ; 

 growth is inhibited, and the production of milk is reduced, the total 

 loss due to it in France alone averaging annually about ten miUion 

 francs (nearly £400,000). Under the climatic conditions of Paris, 

 the larvae leave the infected cattle in May and June ; pupation takes 

 place on the ground, the pupal stage lasting from 30-35 days. The 

 natural enemies of H. bovis are small rodents, birds and insects, and 

 they are also attacked by fungi. 



The adults are met with from the middle of June till September. 

 The eggs arel aid on the surface of the skin and on the hair ; they 

 are white and elliptical, slightly compressed and rather over 1 mm. in 

 length ; at one end they are prolonged into a bifurcated process ; 

 when laid the egg already contains the tiny larva. A method of 

 destroying the larvae in situ on the host consists of injecting 0*5 or 

 1 c.c. of tincture of iodine into the subcutaneous nodules caused by 

 the parasites ; this kills the larvae, which are absorbed without any 

 ill effect resulting. 



Sergent (E.), Foley (H.) & Vialatte (C). Transmission a I'Homme 

 et au Singe du Typhus exanth6matique par les Poux d'un Malade 

 atteint de Fievre r6currente et par des Lentes et Poux issus des 

 pr6c6dents. [The transmission of exanthematous typhus to man 

 and monkey by means of lice from a recurrent fever patient, and 

 by the progeny of the same lice.] — C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris, clviii, 

 no. 13, 30th March 1914, pp. 964-965. 



Experiments were made by the authors in Algiers, on themselves 

 and others and on monkeys, to determine the nature of the transmission 

 of exanthematous typhus and its relation to recurrent fever. The 

 results showed that the bites of adult lice infected with the 

 virus of recurrent fever can cause exanthematous typhus in man ; 

 that lice taken from a man thus infected can in their turn 

 transmit the disease to monkeys if inoculated subcutaneously or 

 into the peritoneum ; by inoculating the blood of a monkey thus 

 infected into another monkey, the latter takes the disease. It was 



