98 



Beloglazov (G.I.). 3nM300Tifl nMponJia3M03anoiijafleMBT»To6ojibCKOw 



ryOepHJU. [Epidemic of Piroplasmosis in Horses in the Govt, of 

 Tobolsk.]— « ApXMB-b BeTepMHapHblXTj HayKl».» [Archives of 

 Veterinary Science], St. Petersburg, 1914, pt. 1, pp. 45.-56. 



The author has made observations on piroplasmosis in the district 

 of Tjukalinsk of the government of Tobolsk and describes some of 

 the cases noticed by him. He is of opinion that the disease existed in 

 this country before the emigration from European Russia started. 

 It appears mostly in spring, and usually runs a severe course. He 

 has found but few ticks on the diseased animals, probably because the 

 owners remove them. Twenty to twenty-five years ago this part of 

 the country was covered with woods, consisting of aspen, birch and a 

 few pines ; now it is more or less a steppe covered with stunted bushes, 

 and with numerous large and small salt-water lakes. Early in spring, 

 when no new grass is yet available, the horses pasture on the hillocks 

 covered with the dry grass of the previous year, which usually harbours 

 ticks. 



Belitzer (A. v.). riMponnaSMOSlj JlomaAeil BTj PocciM. [Piroplas- 

 mosis of Horses in Russia.] — « ApxiiB"b BeTepMHapHbix"b HayKi».» 



[Archives of Veterinary Science], St. Petersburg, 1914, pt. 1, 

 pp. 73-78. 



This is a report of a paper read by the author at the All-Russian 

 Conference of Veterinary Surgeons in Charkov. Piroplasmosis of 

 horses occurs in both North and South Russia, being carried by ticks, 

 but it is still an open question whether the form of the disease 

 transmitted by Dernmcentor reticulatus is identical with that produced 

 by Hyalomma aegyptium. In European Russia, piroplasmosis has 

 been recorded in 37 governments and it is also found in Caucasia and 

 in Asiatic Russia. A list of the governments in which it is known to 

 exist and its intensity in each is given. More horses die from this 

 disease than from anthrax or from all other epizootics together. 

 Dernmcentor reticulatus lives in the northern parts of Russia, the 

 southern limit of its spread being the governments of Kursk, Voronezh 

 and Saratov ; it is also found in the province of Ural, in the govern- 

 ment of Tobolsk and in Primorsk (Maritime provinces). In the 

 southern governments and in Turkestan the disease is spread by 

 Hyalomma aegyptium. D. reticulatus winters in Central Russia in 

 the mature stage, and early in spring attacks animals and men. In 

 summer the tick passes through its intermediate stages on small 

 mammals (rodents). At the end of summer and beginning of autumn, 

 new sexual forms are developed and cases of piroplasmosis are again 

 noticed ; although it is rather the exception for ticks to attack animals 

 at this time, for the blood-sucking period, during which fecundation 

 and oviposition take place, does not occur till the following spring. 

 It has been proved in the government of Saratov that it is possible 

 for ticks to be brought into warm stables in winter. The biology of 

 Hyalomma aegyptium has not been studied in Russia. 



Experiments, as well as observations, have shown that horses bred 

 in the epizootic zone, which no doubt have passed through a slight 

 form of the disease in their youth, are immune to piroplasmosis, and 

 this is also the case with imported horses which have had the disease. 



