131 



of water accumulating in pools, etc., which will afford breeding places 

 for mosquitos, are advocated. In Kurunegala, the average death-rate 

 from malaria is about 109 per annum, or 1-3 per cent., but in 1911 

 it rose to 175, or 2*1 per cent ; over 22 per cent, of the government 

 officers are annually incapacitated from service by malaria. 



Bacot (A. W.) & RiDEwooD (W. G.). Observations on the Larvae of 

 Fleas. — Parasitology, Cambridge, viii, no. 2, June 1914, pp. 157- 

 175, 6 figs. 



The eggs of fleas are not attached in any way to the skin, fur 

 or feathers of the animal on which the parents are parasitic ; they 

 fall into the nest or drop to the ground in the lair or " run " of the 

 host. The larvae hatch in from 3 to 10 days, according to the tempera- 

 ture, and are active, whitish maggots, eyeless and legless. They are not 

 parasitic, but feed on organic matter in the lair of the host, or in the 

 dust that collects on the ground in its proximity. The present paper 

 gives a detailed account of the active full-grown larvae, after the 

 second moult and before the pupal stage, of Pulex irritans, 

 Xenopsylla cheopis, Ctenocephalus canis, Ceratophyllus fasciatus, 

 C. gallinae, and Leptopsylla musciili. The anatomy of the head, 

 antennae and mandibles is described. The chief food supply of 

 some, probably most, species is the excreta of their parents, and 

 although some larvae seem able to live on any small dry organic 

 fragments they encounter, others, e.g. those of Ceratophyllus fasciatus, 

 cannot be satisfactorily reared in captivity unless they are supplied 

 with the excreta of adult fleas or particles of dried blood. 



MacGregor (M. E.). The posterior Stigmata of Dipterous Larvae as 

 a diagnostic Character : with especial Reference to the Larvae 

 incriminated in cases of Myiasis. — Parasitology, Cambridge, vii, 

 no. 2, June 1914, pp. 176-188, 3 pL, 8 figs. 



The author has made a careful comparison of the morphological 

 character of the posterior stigmata of the larvae of the following 

 Diptera associated with myiasis: — Lucilia caesar,Cynomyia cadaverina, 

 Calliphora vomitoria, Sarcophaga sarraceniae, Chrysomyia sp., Musca 

 domesfica, Stomoxys calcitrans, Haematobia serrata, Gastrophilus equi, 

 and Oestris ovis. When cases of myiasis are met with, it is of the 

 greatest importance that the species of fly concerned shall be readily 

 determined without rearing the larvae to the adult stage, a method 

 that can be but seldom undertaken, owing to the fact that the material 

 to be pronounced upon is often dead. The present paper is intended 

 to supply the need which has existed for good diagnostic characters 

 for these larvae. The structure and differences in the posterior 

 stigmata of the different larvae are described and illustrated by 

 photomicrographs. 



YoRKE (W.) & Blacklock (B.). The Identity of T. rJwdesiense with 

 the Trypanosome of the same Appearance found in Game. — Brit. 

 Med. Jl, June 6th 1914, pp. 1234-1236. 



This paper is largely a recital of the evidence that game animals 

 constitute the reservoir of the trypanosome causing sickness in man, 

 a view which the authors strongly support. 



