152 



season it is fairly active also at mid-day. Species of Tabanus are found 

 near water, but have a wider distribution than Glossina, requiring 

 little or no shade. They are most abundant during and after the rainy 

 season, the numbers falling off greatly as the dry season advances. 

 They are found biting camels as far as half a mile away from water, 

 and in the hot season are most active in the dayhght before 9 a.m. 

 and after 4 p.m.; in the cool season they are more active at midday. 

 Haeniafopota has very similar habits. Lyjierosia occur in the desert 

 as well as near the river and cannot be avoided, the numbers being 

 much greater after rain than in the dry season. Early diagnosis and 

 segregation of trypanosomiasis cases are necessar}' even in the desert, 

 because Indian experience shows that these small biting flies are 

 sometimes capable of spreading surra in camels. 



Between Dakach and Serenli the author found no tsetse and 

 comparatively few Tabanus, and thinks this route safe for camels, 

 except during the rains and at least a month afterwards. On the 

 road from Serenli to Garba Hari Tabanus is only found during and 

 after the rains, and then only near permanent water, and camps 

 should be at least a quarter of a mile from the water at these halts. 

 Between the Farnwen River and Lolashid in November, after the 

 "short" rains, the author never found any Tabanus except at 

 Lolashid, and he does not think there is much danger except for 

 camels living at Lolashid itself and for camels taken down to Avater 

 at El Merera. Tsetse are reported abundant after rain below Dolo. 

 At Serenli itself, Tabanus are surprisingly scarce even after the rains. 



Mange in camels is rather easily cured in Jubaland in resting animals, 

 because there is no cold weather and therefore no long coats, but the 

 author advises that the dressing (sulphur 1 part, sim-sim 5 parts) 

 should be preceded by washing (either in the sea or in water containing 

 washing soda) and that it is useless merely to dress a camel once ; in 

 any advanced case the dressing should be applied all over the body 

 on at least two and often three occasions at intervals of 6 or 7 days. 

 Saddles and halters should be disinfected on the same day as the 

 camel is dressed. Mange is most prevalent during and after the rains, 

 and at that time camps should be constantly changed. 



Although all untreated wounds are liable to fly-blow (maggots) in 

 hot countries, there is one condition which occurs after rain in camels 

 in Jubaland which the author never saw in India. The larvae either 

 pierce the skin itself or reach the tissues through the punctures made 

 by ticks and cause serious lesions. The author is of opinion that 

 ulcerative lymphangitis which appears among ponies in November 

 and December has some connection with tick bites. OrnitJiodorus 

 savignyi was found between Garbahari and Lolashid. 



Sanitary Survey of the San Jos6 Estate and Adjacent Properties on 



Mindoro Island, Philippine Islands, with special reference to the 



Epidemiology of Malaria. — Philipinne Jl. Sci., Manila, ix, B, 

 no. 2, April 1914, pp. 137-195, 3 maps. 



The property included in this survey, which lies on the west coast 

 of Mindoro Island, comprises from 10 to 13 square miles of territory, 

 and has been notoriously unhealthy for many years, malaria being 

 the principal cause of the high mortality. C. S. Banks, who gives an 



