153 



account of the mosquito survey in and near San Jose, states that the 

 inhabitants are very much exposed to the attacks of mosquitos, the 

 district lying near or on the zone of tidal swamps which extend over 

 a huge area of semi-stagnant salt marsh, in which, unaffected by tides, 

 algae abound and mosquito larvae find ample breeding grounds. 

 While other species of Anopheline mosquitos occur in these localities 

 in limited numbers, Anopheles (Myzomyia) rossii is extremely abundant ; 

 it is known to breed in both fresh and salt water, and is the only 

 common species in the Philippine Islands which is a proved carrier 

 of malaria. The use of oil and the removal of algae from breeding 

 places of ^. rossii are at the best but a makeshift until drainage opera- 

 tions can be instituted ; but one or other of these methods must 

 be employed so long as fresh or salt water remains stagnant in the 

 neighbourhood. The surrounding towns and barrios must be per- 

 manently isolated from communication with San Jose, so long as 

 mosquito-breeding conditions remain as they are now, and such a 

 large percentage of the population are carriers of the malaria parasite. 

 Drainage of the area adjacent to the railroad for its entire length will 

 be necessary before this means of transportation can cease to be a 

 menace to the inhabitants of San Jose. 



Mackie (Capt. F. P.). Kala-azar in Nowgong (Assam). — Indian Jl. 

 Med. Res., Calcutta, i, no. 4, April 1914, pp. 626-662, 2 tables, 

 6 maps, 6 charts. 



In an account of kala-azar in Nowgong (Assam), and of the 

 experiments which he has made in connection with it, the author gives 

 the following details of entomological interest. In the seven months 

 under review 6,672 fly-papers were placed in kala-azar houses or in 

 the hospital wards, one being pinned on the wall in the living room, 

 and a second on the floor near the bed in each house. The blood- 

 sucking insects captured were chiefly sand-flies (Phlebofomus sp.), 

 species of Culex and a few ticks and fleas. With the exception of the 

 sand-flies, in a certain percentage of which Herpetomonads occurred, 

 none was found on dissection to contain flagellates. Anopheles spp. 

 were uncommon, though some A. rossii, A. fuliginosus and a few 

 A. culicifacies were taken ; sixty-nine were dissected with negative 

 results, though some were fed on patients who had peripheral Leish- 

 inania. Dissections of fleas and bed-bugs from kala-azar villages were 

 also negative. 



Wilson (H. C). A Note on the Treatment of Swamps, Stream Beds, 

 Ponds, Wells and Pools, with a view to the Destruction of Mosquito 

 lidXVdiQ.— Indian Jl. Med. Res., Calcutta, i, no. 4, April 1914, 

 pp. 691-701. 



Fish are of great value in destroying mosquito larvae in pools and 

 streams, and the introduction of poisons into waters where fish can live 

 should be prohibited ; cresol and oil treatment is recommended, but 

 should be confined to small isolated puddles or pools, too small or of 

 too temporary a character to stock with fish. If a pool is to be stocked 

 with fish, or if the fish are conserved for the purpose of destroying 

 mosquito larvae, surface Aveeds and floating debris must be removed 



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