length of each visit being 10 days. Besides the clinical examinations 

 of 1,000 cases, studies of prevalent mosquitos, experiments to deter- 

 mine mosquito intermediaries and the filarial metamorphosis in the 

 mosquito, and measures for the prevention of the disease in Cochin 

 were undertaken. Mosquito breeding places abound in British Cochin 

 and the adjoining districts, the following being the prevalent species : — 

 Armigeres {Desvoidija) ohturhans, Stegomyia scufellaris, Culex fatigans^ 

 C. sitiens {micro-annulatus), Mimomyia chamberlaini {Radioculex 

 clavipalpus), Culex {Leuconnjia) gelidus var. bipundatus, Anopheles 

 {Nyssomyzomyia) rossii, Mansonioides iiniforinis, Matisonioides 

 annulifera (septemguttata), Ochlerotatus, Anojjheles (Myzorhynchus) 

 barbirostris. Of these the species of Cidex were the most common ; 

 C. fatigans seemed to breed chiefly in the surface drains, while 

 C. sitiens larvae, although met with in practically every sort of breeding 

 place, were much more common in the irrigation channels. Of the 

 above-mentioned species, five at least have received attention in 

 connection with filariasis ; James, in Travancore, found that Filaria 

 nocturna reached an advanced stage of development in C. sitiens 

 and Stegomyia scutellaris {C. albopictus, Skuse) ; he traced the full 

 development in Anopheles rossii and another Anopheline not named. 

 In other parts of the world C. fatigans and Mansonioides uniformis 

 have been shown to be efficient intermediaries. The authors made 

 experiments with C. fatigans, C. sitiens and A. o-ossii to determine their 

 cipacity for transmitting filaria in Cochin. Pupae of these species 

 were collected and the adult allowed to emerge ; the mosquitos were 

 fed on patients suffering from filarial fever, and were then kept in 

 vessels and fed on bananas in some cases and blood in others, the 

 development of the filaria in these mosquitos being described in detail. 

 Cidex fatigans was found to be an efficient intermediary and of the 

 other species A. rossii is almost certainly so, while there is some 

 evidence that C. sitiens and Stegomyia scutellaris may also act as 

 carriers. 



All recent work points to the fact that, effective drugs being 

 unknown, the prevention of the disease caused by Filaria bancrofti 

 resolves itself into a c|uestion of anti-mosquito measures on similar 

 lines to those employed against malaria. Owing to climatic and 

 industrial conditions this is a difficult problem in Cochin, but it is 

 thought that a great deal could be nevertheless done in this direction. 



Griffiths (J. A.). Report of the Veterinary Officer. — Ann. Rept. 

 Nyasaland Protectorate Dept. Agric. for year ending 31st March, 

 1914, Zomba, 30th April 1914, pp. 34-39. 



No outbreak of trypanosomiasis investigated during the year 

 appeared in very mahgnant form. Various herds in which there were 

 infected individuals lost up to 25 per cent., but in general a diminution 

 of fatal cases has followed early diagnosis and the removal of the 

 animals to other pastures. In the majority of outbreaks in cattle the 

 animals are infected with T. pecorum, and these cases are almost 

 invariably fatal. One animal infected with T. caprae appears to be 

 in good health after six months, although no treatment was carried 

 out. In most cases the animals are in districts supposed to be quite 

 free from tsetse-fly, but further entomological investigations are 



