26 



Brachyuri, Latrcille, Hist. N:it. des CrastacL'3 efc des Insectes, Vol. V, p.. 3-17 (1803): Genera Cra8caceorum et 

 Insectoi-am, Vol. 1, p. 35 (1806) : Fam. Nat. du Regne Animal, p. 267 (1825)— exc. Lithodcs. 



Brachyura, Leach, Transactions of the Linnean Society, Vol. XI, 1815, p. 307. 



Brachyures, Desmarest, Considerations Generales sur la Classe des Crustacea, p. 84 (1825) — exc. Litliodes. 



Brachyures, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. des Crustaces, Vol. I, p. 247 (1834), plus Atiomoures Aptenircs, 

 Vol. II, p. 168. 



Brachyura, Macleay, Illustrations of the Annalosa of S. Africa, p. 54 (1838). 



Brachygnatha et Brachyura Oxystomata, De Haan, Crustacea in Siebold's Fauna Japonica (1850). 

 ' Brachyu.r<i, Dana, United States Exploring Expedition, Vol. XIII. Crustacea, Part I, p. 58 (1852), plna 

 Anomoura S^operiora, p. 400, 



Brachyura, Heller, Crustaceea des siidlichen Enropa, p. 17 (1863), plus Ano/iiura Aptcrura, p. 143. 



Brachyura, Sliers, Catalogue of the Crustacea of New Zealand, p. 1 (1876): Report on the Gliallenger 

 Brachyura 188G p. 1 : [plus Anomura Droinidea et Raninidea, Henderson, Report on the Challenger Anomura, 1888]. 



CAUfiNOMORPHA : Hdxley, Pboc. Zool. Soc, 1878, p. 785. 



Brachyura, Clans, Grundziige der Zoologie, 4th ed., Vol. I, p. 632 (1880)— exc. PorceUanid:e et Lithodidie. 



Brachyura, Boas, Studier over Decapodernes Sl^gtskabsforhold (Vidensk, Selsk. Skr., 6 Rajkke, natar- 

 videnskabelig og niathematisk Afd. I. 2) Kjobenhavn 1880, pp. 159, 200. 



Brachyura, Haswell, Catalogue of the Australian Crastacea, p. 1 (1882) : plus Anomoura superiora, p. 138. 



Brachyura, Stebbing, A History of Crustacea, p. 51 (1893). 



Dromiiden, Oxystomnta and Brachyura, Ortmann, Malacostraca, pp. 1153, 1150, 1163, iu Broun, Klasseu und 

 Orduungeu des Thier-Ueichs, Bd. V, new series. 



Carapace with a well defined lateral border to the greater part of its dorsal 

 surface, and with an epimeral suture (or its homologue, a liaea anomurica) on 

 either side. 



" Front " always in contact with the cpistome, and often broad. 



Abdomen much smaller than the cephalothorax, beneath which it is folded : 

 the abdominal pleura, when distinguishable, are in the same plane and in the 

 same straight line with the abdominal terga. 



Thoracic sternum usually broad, the last segment never independently 

 movable : usually channelled in the middle line for the lodgment of the male 

 abdomen. 



The eyes in repose are commonly carried at right angles to the longitudinal 

 axis of the body, and are often lodged in orbits. 



The antennules are always separated from one another by a septum derived 

 from the " front : " their basal joint is swollen and enlarged, their flagella are 

 extremely short, and they are commonly retractile into fosste beneath the front. 



The antennal peduncle consists of 4 joints, but the first joint is often reduced 

 in size, cramped up, and concealed : there is never a movable antennal scale, and 

 the antennal flagellum is usually shorter than the carapace. 



All the mouth-parts lie in a well defined fold of the carapace or buccal 

 cavern. The mandibles consist of a strongly calcified protopodite, the free end 

 of which forms a triangular trenchant incisor process, and of a three-jointed 

 incurved palp. 



The coxa and basis of the 1st and 2nd maxillae arc well developed, those o£ 

 the 2nd maxillge being deeply cleft. The endopodite (palp) of the 1st maxillos 

 usually curves obliquely outwards. The scaphognathite is a very broad plate. 



