178 Forty-second Report on the State Museum. [36] 



perfected parasite escapes. I have had them emerge as early as 

 the twenty-fourth of August. The victimized caterpillar, now in a 

 flaccid, shriveled condition, lives for a few days, without food or motion, 

 and dies. 



Insect Friends and Foes. 



The above history should furnish an argument in favor of such a 

 diffusion of entomological knowledge as may enable the agriculturist, 

 fruit-grower and floz'ist, to discriminate between his insect friends and 

 foes. If, from ignorance, one should crush under foot one of these 

 parasitized creatures believing it to be a ravenous caterpillar bearing 

 hundreds of its eggs(!) upon its back, thinking thereby to check its 

 increase (and this procedure we fear is the rule that prevails), he has 

 taken the best possible means of promoting its multiplication by 

 destroying the natural enemy whose special mission it is to prey 

 upon it. 



Pupation. 



The larvae that are so fortunate as to escape parasitic attack spin 

 closely together a few leaves on the surface of the ground, within 

 which they change to pupse in three or four days. 



The pupa is from one inch to an inch and two-tenths long and 

 about one-third of an inch broad. It is without the jDrojecting tongue- 

 case of man} of the sphinges. Its pale brown color is a distinguishing 

 feature. The head-case is rounded, depressed, black-dotted and with 

 a black crescent over the eye. The wing-cases are lighter brown, with 

 numerous roundish, black, irregularly spaced spots on the nervures 

 and a cluster near the base. The leg-cases and tongue-case are also irreg- 

 ularly dotted with similar spots, while the antennae-cases are without 

 them. The segments are dark brown at the incisures and are covered 

 with numerous small indentations, of which some are black — those 

 of the last two segments more conspicuous. The first sj^iracle has a 

 black spot posterior to it, while the others are surrounded by black. 

 The terminal spine is one-tenth of an inch long, curved, smooth, shin- 

 ing black, and minutely bifid. 



The Moth. 

 The moth appears abroad from the middle of June to August. Mr. 

 Saunders, in his "Insects Injurious to Fruits," represents it as 

 double-brooded, but it is doubtful if it is so at the north. For 

 some reason the imago develops very unequally, for, from larvae col- 

 lected at the same time and with their pupation under identical 



