[97] Report of the State Entomologist. 239 



A week later, be could send me any number for examination if desired. 

 Writing again on the twenty-eighth inst., he stated, "the garrets of 

 all the houses in the neighborhood where there are elms are full of 

 them." 



Oviposition. 



It aj^pears that both sexes hibernate, and that their union takes 

 place in the spring, after they have flown to the elms and fed to a 

 noticable degree on the new foliage. Leaves quite badly eaten by the 

 hibernating beetles have been sent to me from Mr. Angus on the 

 twenty-third of May, and on the thirty-first the beetles were reported 

 as copulating and the females rapidly laying their eggs. 



Pupation. 

 The pupation occurs in July. On the ninth of that month Mr. 

 Angus wrote that the larvte wei'e then pupating in "handfuls" in the 

 crevices of the bark at West Farms. A moderate amount of shelter 

 satisfies the larva, and it accordingly assumes its pupal state under 

 any convenient crevice offered it as between the base of the ti'ee and 

 the ground surrounding it, in crevices between the bricks of a side- 

 walk, beneath stones or any other object lying on the ground. The 

 beetles make their reappearance after a very brief pupation, rarely 

 exceeding ten days.* Riley has recorded pupation at Washington on 

 July twenty-ninth, which may have been of the third brood. 



Remedies. 



The most effectual remedy for the ravages of this insect is believed 

 to be spraying the foliage of the infested elms with Paris green or 

 London purple in water. Of these, Loudon purple has been found, 

 through careful experiments made, to answer the purpose the better. 

 Its efficiency will of course depend upon its method of application — 

 the apparatus used, the liquid and the time applied. A suitable force- 

 pump is essential to success. It should have sufficient power to carry 

 the liquid to a good distance and distribute it over a broad area. 

 The nozzle for its distribution should be an atomizer, or the finest of 

 the "Nixon nozzles," made at Dayton, O., or one of the several "grad- 

 uating spray nozzles" which are in market. The nearer the spray 

 can be made to approach a mist the more effectually will it be spread 

 over the foliage, with the least expenditure of material and with the 

 least injury to the leaves. 



If the spray is to be applied to tall and large trees, from the ground 

 or from a wagon, a long rubber hose will be needed having the 



♦ Seo foot-uoto on preceding page for qualification of this statement. 



13 



