14 



caustic soda 4 lb., bone oil 1 gal., water 400 gals. ; New South Wales 

 Dip, — Arsenious acid 8 lb., washing soda 12 lb., common hard soap 2 lb., 

 Stockholm tar (best) | to 1 gal., water — add to 400 gals. 



The effect of these arsenical preparations is not immediately notice- 

 able, and for eradicating the pest the treatment must be continuous 

 and systematically carried out, dipping being practised every fifteenth 

 day. The tendency is for owners to stop treatment too soon, with 

 the result that eradication is often approached but not accomplished. 



The success that has attended tick-eradication work in the United 

 States is primarily due to the educational campaign. The treatment 

 adopted is thoroughly and systematically applied, and, as eradication 

 is aimed at in America, the yards, dipping vats and other structures 

 used in connection with the work are not of a permanent character, 

 and are therefore cheaper, which means that more are acquired for 

 a given outlay. The work has been greatly facilitated by the Federal 

 authorities assuming control of stock and of satisfactory fencing opera- 

 tions, by the existence of an extensive system of railways, and, to a 

 material degree, by the severity of the winter weather being inimical 

 to tick life. 



In New South Wales, the main operations have so far aimed at keep- 

 ing the tick from spreading south, and there does not appear to be any 

 prospect of complete eradication of the pest under the existing 

 disabilities which are inseparable from State Administration. Even 

 when it has been accomplished, as has been the case in two large areas, 

 there is always the risk of re-introduction from Queensland, unless 

 extermination is effected there also. Many of the difficulties that 

 militate against eradication in New South Wales obtain in Queensland 

 in an accentuated form, and there seems but little likelihood of the 

 tick being exterminated until operations are sustained by Federal 

 intervention. 



Worm Nodules in Ca.tt\e.— Commonwealth of Australia Advisory Council 

 of Science & Industry, Melbourne, Bull. no. 2, 1917, 31 pp. 

 [Received 22nd October 1918.] 



This bulletin contains the report of a special committee appointed 

 to enquire into the nodule disease in cattle and to make recommenda- 

 tions as to a future plan of research. The deliberations of the 

 committee came under two heads : — The economic aspect of the worm 

 nodule question, having regard to the necessary mutilation of infested 

 carcases before export ; and the scientific aspect, two series of investiga- 

 tions being conducted, one in view of the hypothesis that the trans- 

 mitting agent is a biting fly, and the other that the parasite is probably 

 water or soil borne. The committee recommended that specific 

 experiments should be undertaken to ascertain whether biting flies 

 are the transmitters of this parasite, and that the full financial assist- 

 ance asked for be granted. In the opinion of some members of the 

 committee the discovery of the source of infection may eventually 

 save Queensland over £1,000,000 per annum, 4f the grazier is aided 

 in preventing infection. 



Other papers included in this report deal with the occurrence of 

 onchocerciasis in cattle and associated animals in countries other 

 than Australia [see this Review, Ser. B, iv, p. 70] ; bovine onchocerciasis 



