KiRscHBAUM ( — ). Zur Epidemiol ogle der Malaria.— MwncAew^r Med. 

 Wochenschr., Munich, Ixv, no. 39, 24:th September 1918, 

 pp. 1074-1076. 



The author confirms the conclusions reached in a previous paper 

 with the same title [see this Review, Ser. B, vi, p. 58] that the malaria 

 outbreak was due to latent infection, the plasmodia in man being 

 rendered active by the warmth of spring. The climate in summer 

 in this region of north-western Russia seems so unfavourable to the 

 development of plasmodia in the mosquito that big epidemics are 

 not to be feared. In 1917 the number of cases was only 37 "6 per cent, 

 of that in 1916 ; only 6 occurred among civilians, none being in 

 children. This would prove that the infection was introduced by 

 German troops from other parts of Russia. 



Report of the Government Entomologist on the Spread of the Tsetse 

 Fly and Trypanosomiasis in the Wankie District— British S. Africa 

 Dept. Agric , Salisbury, 23rd June 1918. [MS. Received from the* 

 Colonial Office 10th October 1918.] 



The results of investigations into tsetse-fly conditions in various 

 localities of the Wankie District of Southern Rhodesia are reported 

 and discussed. The problem of dealing wdth the increase in abundance 

 of the fly [Glossina morsitans] and the consequent spread of 

 trypanosomiasis has become a serious one. The suggestions 

 made as to the measures calculated to check the fly include : — 

 (1) Throwing open a guard area to free shooting. This it is 

 believed would probably do more harm than good, as it would 

 almost undoubtedly l6ad to poaching in neighbouring fly country 

 with the result of driving game back into the open area ; while 

 a remote area would never be thoroughly cleared by professional 

 hunters for the reason that it would not pay, (2) Organised destruc- 

 tion of game, by driving big game from a guard area and keeping 

 that area free. By this means a state of equipoise might be reached 

 between the tendency of the fly to spread and human efforts to keep 

 it back. This would entail the permanent employment of one or more 

 wardens with a staff of native hunters, and is considered to be out 

 of the question. It is thought, however, that a properly organised 

 attack on the whole area invaded or threateiftd by tsetse-fly would 

 have an excellent chance of success. This idea involves the wholesale 

 extermination of game, first around the boundaries of the infected 

 area and gradually towards the centre, and such an undertaking 

 appears both feasible and economically sound. (3) Deforestation of 

 a guard area. A difiiculty about this scheme is that it is not known 

 how wide a cleared area would prove an effective check ; it is thought 

 that the cleared strip should be at least 200 miles long and would 

 consequently cost a large sum of money to establish and maintain, 

 while it would very likely prove ineffective. (4) Deforestation of a 

 strip of country, perhaps a mile ^dde, fenced on both sides to prevent 

 game crossing over. While this might be an effective barrier it. would 

 be far too expensive in construction and maintenance and too doubtful 

 in result to be worth serious consideration. (5) Destruction of winter 

 haunts in threatened areas. It is suggested that as the fly is dependent 



