attacked even through thick clothes. By the end of June individuals 

 of T. americanus had almost disappeared, while another species of 

 Tabanid had become more numerous. 



Mastekman (E. W. G). Jerusalem from the Point of View of Health 

 and Disease. — Lancet, London, cxciv, no. 4930, 23rd February 

 1918, pp. 305-307, 2 figs. 



Malaria is the greatest scourge of Jerusalem, being practically 

 universal in autumn when the malignant tertian form is prevalent. 

 Mosquitos are abundant, and of these Anoipheks maculipennis is 

 plentiful. 



Baber (Lieut. E.). A Method of Trapping Fly Larvae in Manure 

 Heaps. — Lancet, London, cxcix, no. 4935, 30!3h March 1918, 

 p. 471, 1 fig. 



This method is used at Potchefstroom Camp, Transvaal, in dealing 

 with the manure of over 1,000 horses. It consists in isolating the 

 manure heaps by sinking round them a gutter 3| inches deep, which 

 is not V-shaped, but has concave sides with the greatest depth of the 

 curves near the lips (ground-level), so that there is a marked overhang. 

 The sides must be smooth, and at Potchefstroom sheet metal for the 

 purpose was obtained from paraffin tins. Fly larvae are unable 

 to climb such surfaces and they can only live in the space between 

 the edge of the heap and the gutter, being qidckly killed by the heat 

 inside the heap (130° -IfiO^F.). The general plan of the trap is a 

 narrow rectangle, the gutter for one of the short- sides being moveable. 

 This short gutter is simply laid on the ground and the earth from the 

 manure heap to it is banked up so that the larvae can get into it 

 without difficulty. Its ends are open so that the larvae can drop 

 into the long sunk gutters on either side. This loose gutter is moved 

 along as the heap increases, while the manure at the other end may 

 be removed after sufficient time has elapsed to ensure the destruction 

 of the larvae there. Close attention to minutiae is essential if this 

 method is to be successful. The adult flies that are attracted to the 

 heap are destroyed by the sodium arsenite bait method, leafy 

 branches sprayed with this poison being hung from a wire stretched 

 over the top of the dump. 



Hough (F. P. W.). Extermination of Mosquitoes at the Naval Proving 

 Ground. — U. S. Naval Bull, Washington, DC, xii, no. 1, January 

 1918, pp. 144-146. 



Owing to their location, the naval proving ground and smokeless 

 powder factory have always had a bad reputation for mosquitos, 

 and malaria has been prevalent. Anophelines represented about 

 10 per cent, of the mosquitos present. Oil had been used regularly 

 and all Navy quarters and offices were well screened. The former 

 measure was not practical owing to the ground being swamp land. 

 A campaign was begun in the early spring [of 1917], the insecticide used 

 being " nitre cake," a by-product in the manufacture of powder, so 

 that the total cost of the work was the pay of one labourer and the 

 supervision of the medical officer. Nitre cake is an impure sodium 



