42 



The origin therefore must be looked for either in Colonial contingents 

 relieved in April, a season however not favourable to Anophelines, 

 or more probably in a Moroccan contingent which occupied the 

 neighbouring sector shortly before the outbreak of the epidemic. 



Ealand (C. a.)- British Insects and Disease. — Chambers's Jl., 

 Edinburgh, Part 96, December 1918, pp. 772-775. 



A general popular review is here given of the relations between 

 insects and disease, and in particular of British blood-sucking 

 Arthropods and the dangers threatened by them as carriers of diseases 

 that are likely to be brought into this country by troops returnmg 

 from the seats of war. Some of the statements made are open to 

 correction. The presence or absence of sj)ots upon the wings of 

 mosquitos cannot be accepted as a reliable distinction between the 

 Culicines and malaria-carrying Anophehnes, since the former 

 occasionally include spotted- winged forms, while Anophelines with 

 unspotted wings also occur, e.g., Anopheles bifurcahis. With regard to 

 the disease know^n as pellagra, it is stated that " everything points 

 to the fact that the malady is insect-borne, and that bufialo-gnats 

 [Simuliidae] are the germ-carriers." In view of the fact that a large 

 body of evidence has been collected that makes this highly improbable, 

 this statement cannot be accepted with any confidenco. 



Jack (R. W.). Tsetse Fly in Southern Rhodesia, 1918. — Rhodesia 

 Agric. Jl., Salisbury, xv, no. 5, October 1918, pp. 406-415, 

 2 plates. 



This is a popular account of the three species of tsetse- flies that occur 

 in Southern Rhodesia, namely, Glossina morsilans, G. pallidipes and 

 G. brevipalpis. The areas of the Southern Rhodesian fly-belts are 

 defined and their topography and the conditions that influence fly- 

 prevalence discussed. The question of the association between 

 tsetse-fly and the larger Avild animals is touched upon. The author 

 is comdnced that the infection of cattle with trypanosomiasis in the 

 absence of tsetse-fly is of frequent occurrence in Rhodesia, and 

 that the greatest care should be taken not to allow infected cattle 

 to come into contact with healthy herds, especially during the spring 

 and summer months. It is remarked that while the spread of 

 Glossina. in some parts is creating a serious position locally, reports 

 have in many cases been much exaggerated and there is no danger 

 of any overwhelming calamit}^ due to a wholesale spread of tsetse- 



fly. 



Cattle Cleansing Ordinance, 1918. — Rhodesia Agric. JL, Salisbury, xv, 

 no. 5, October 1918, pp. 489-491. 



By the terms of Ordinance ISo. 9, 1918, promulgated 27th September 

 1918, and known as the Cattle Cleansing Ordinance, 1918, all owners 

 of cattle, both those included under the Compulsory Dipping Ordinance 

 1914, and all others except those in certain exempted areas shall be 

 required to clean their cattle according to the regulations of the 

 Ordinance, that is, to maintain them free from tick infestation by 

 submerging them in a dipping tank containing an effective tick- 

 destroying agent. Tick infestation is defined as the presence of ten 



