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NicLOT (— ). Anoph^lisme et Paludisme en Haute-Alsace (1915-1918). 



[Anophelism and Malaria in the Department of Upper Alsace 

 (1915-1918).].— 5iiW. Soc. Path. Exot., Paris, xi, no. 10, 11th 

 December 1918, pp. 848-853. 



The physical features of Alsace render it particularly favourable 

 to Anopheline infestation. After the abrupt descent fi-om the Vosges, 

 the plain stretches away to the Rhine, dotted throughout with marshes 

 and pools. The spring is generally characterised by much rain ; 

 the summer is sometimes hot , but interrupted by sudden thermometric 

 depressions, particularly after the rains. The endemicity of malaria 

 has long been established in the region, but quinine treatment, sanitary 

 improvements following upon the opening up of factories, and the 

 drainage of some districts, have resulted in a distinct amelioration 

 in the incidence of malaria. In consequence of the War, new reservoirs 

 of the disease have been introduced ; men of the Balkan army, having 

 contracted malaria in Serbia or Macedonia, have been repatriated, 

 while successive corps of natives of African or far Eastern origin have 

 been stationed there, all more or less abundantly infested with the 

 malaria organism. Allied contingents have also furnished their 

 quota of infestations. The whole region is heavily infested with 

 Anophelines, the principal species being Anopheles maculipennis 

 (claviger). The larval infestation, in fact, appears as high as in 

 Macedonia or Algeria, although collections of adults show a relatively 

 low density. Adults captured and dissected showed no malarial 

 infection, either in the salivary glands or the digestive tract ; this 

 must, however, occur, though probably within a limited season 

 and space, since primary malaria is undoubtedly present. 

 A. bifurcatus has been found in company with A. macuUpennis, but 

 is far more restricted in its habitat. Phlebotomus spp. are commonly 

 found about houses. 



This enquiry is as yet only in its preliminary stage and prophylaxis 

 has been reduced to dealing with malaria cases. Anti-larval measures 

 have been undertaken by the various sanitary units, etc. The Allied 

 occupation as far as the Rhine will extend the field of these observa- 

 tions, but it is believed that the valley of the Largue is the limit of 

 the swampy ground. If no further impetus is given to the spread 

 of the disease it is considered that prospects are favourable for a return 

 to better conditions. 



Simpson (W. J. R.). The Sanitary Aspects of Warfare in South- 

 Eastern Europe.— Trans. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., London, xii, no. 1, 

 18th October 1918, pp. 1-10, 2 plates. [Received 16th January 

 1919.] 



A general review is given of the sanitary problems of the present 

 War in South-Eastern Europe and the way in which they were met. 

 In the East, and in Macedonia in particular, conditions were exceedingly 

 unfavourable, while the abundance of insect carriers of disease rendered 

 the sanitary organisation for the troops a very difficult matter. The 

 author advances some suggestions for re-organisation of the sanitary 

 services of the army for unhealthy countries and tropical regions, 

 and advocates the establishment of a separate systematic organisation, 



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