55 



Railliet (A.)- Sur la Nomenclature de deux (Estrid6s du Cheval. [A 



Note on the Nomenclature of Two Equine CEstrids.]"^'*'^^- '^oc. 

 Zool. France, Paris, xliii, nos. 5-7, 25tli August 1918, pp. 102-104. 



In the opinion of the author, the name Gastrophilas veterinus 

 Clark (1797), should be used for the species of Gastrophilus infesting 

 the duodenum of the horse in place of G. nasalis, since investigation 

 of the works of Linnaeus clearly shows that the fly to which he gave 

 the specific name nasalis is that which is known at the present time 

 as Cephenomijia trompe, which is exclusively a parasite of the 

 reindeer. 



The substitution by Petrovskaia (1910) of the name nasalis for 

 Rhimestrus purpureus, which has been followed by some authors, is 

 inadmissible. 



IIadwen (S.) & Cameron (A. E.). A Contribution to the Knowledge 

 of the Bot-flies, Gastrophilus intestinalis, DeG., G. haemorrhoidalis, 

 L., & G. nasalis, L. — Bull. Entom. Research, London, ix, no. 2, 

 September 1918, pp. 91-106, 2 plates, 10 figs. 



An account is given of investigations into the life-histories and 

 habits of the species of Gastrophilus occurring in the Western Provinces 

 of Canada. The eggs of all three species are described ; that of 

 G. intestinalis is generally laid at the distal end of a hair on the 

 shoulders, mane, forelegs, knee or fetlock ; that of G. nasalis is usually 

 deposited at the proximal end of a hair in the intermaxillary space 

 between the rami of the mandibles beneath the head. The authors' 

 experience does not bear out Theobald's impression that these eggs 

 are laid in the nasal orifices. The egg of G. haemorrhoidalis differs 

 from the others in being stalked and generally occurs on the hairs 

 of the lips of the horse, preferably on the lower lip. Previous records 

 of these eggs having been thrust by the fly into the skin of the nose 

 and lips of horses are not confirmed by the present investigations, and 

 are considered to have been erroneous. Experimental hatching of the 

 eggs of the tliree species shows that the eggs of G. intestinalis dp not 

 readily hatch unaided, but apparently require the application of moisture 

 and friction or shock, such as would occur when the animal licked them ; 

 hatching was produced experunentally by moistening the eggs and passing 

 the blunt edge of a scalpel over them. A large number of eggs of 

 G. luisalis hatched spontaneously and a few of those of G. haemorrhoi- 

 dalis. This is regarded as supporting the theory that the newly 

 emerged larvae of these two species may penetrate directly into the 

 integument of the host. Lesions on the skin of the intermaxillary 

 space and lips of the host observed at the tune the eggs were hatching 

 may be due to direct penetration of the larvae of G. nasalis and 

 G. haemorrhoidalis respectively. Newly emerged larvae of G. intesti- 

 nalis failed to penetrate the han-bearing integument of the host, 

 but positive results were obtained when they were placed on portions 

 of the buccal mucosa of a horse and calf recently 'killed. A larger 

 nmnber succeeded in penetrating the papillated portion of the calf's 

 tongue as compared with the unpapillated. 



All three species are probably present in each of the Western 

 provinces of Canada. In the neighbourhood of Saskatoon, G. nasalis 

 is on the wing from mid-July until mid-August, and eggs collected 



(C557) ^2 



