65 



with these species. Of the other two Anopheline inosquitos found in 

 Britain, only A. bifurcatus is seen at all frequently in human 

 habitations, and both this species and the much rarer A. 'plmnbeus 

 [nigrijies) winter in the larval stage. The choice of an insecticide must 

 be determined largely by the nature of the building to be treated and 

 the most convenient method to suit the case. Artificial traps are not 

 necessary in Britain except for scientific or experimental purposes, 

 the winter resorts mentioned above acting as natural ones. As 

 fumigants, the general use of hydrocyanic acid, chloroform, and 

 chlorine on a large scale is not recommended on account of the danger 

 attending them. Chlorine, however, is quick and effective in its action 

 and inexpensive to use, but should only be employed under expert 

 supervision. Sulphur is advocated only when a Clayton machine can 

 be used, and when the buildings to be treated do not contain articles 

 that are affected by sulphur dioxide. The burning of sulphur in pans 

 is not considered so satisfactory as various other fumigants. Formalin 

 is a popular fumigant, but must be used in strong solutions to cause 

 death, and requires a considerable time. It is an unpleasant substance 

 with which to work, while the after-use of ammonia, though obviating 

 some of the drawbacks, adds to the details of the technique. Campho- 

 phenique and the various cresylic compounds offer many advantages, 

 especially as being safe domestic remedies. Spraying is not considered 

 preferable to fumigation where barracks and rooms in Britain are 

 concerned. It is a troublesome operation, involving the use of special 

 apparatus and the careful attention of the operator, and it is extremely 

 doubtfid whether it is an efficient method. 



EivA (A.) & Gomes (J, F.). Biologiada Mosca do Berne {Dermatobia 

 hominis) observada em todas as suas Phases. [The Biology of 

 D. hominis observed in all its Phases.] — Annaes Paulistas de 

 Medicina e Cirurgia, S. Paulo, viii, no. 9, September 1917, 

 pp. 197-209, 1 fig. [Received 12th February 1919.] 



The information given here is based on observations made in nature 

 and in the laboratory, where the complete life-cycle of the fly was 

 obtained, and some of it has been noticed in a previous paper [see this 

 Review, Ser. B, iii, p. 194]. Dermatobia hominis is found on horses, 

 mules and cattle, because they attract numerous flies which the 

 Oestrid captures, depositing its eggs on their abdomen. Some of the 

 larvae of D. hominis are thus enabled to penetrate the skin of warm- 

 blooded vertebrates and there continue to develop. 



Experiments are described showing that eggs carried by 

 Culicid, Muscid and other flies have always been laid on them by 

 D. hominis. The eggs are attached by means of a strongly adhesive, 

 quick-drying cement. The eggs sometimes found on leaves have been 

 directly deposited there by females that have not succeeded in holding 

 a fly they have tried to capture and are compelled to oviposit. Such 

 eggs perish unless kept in a damp chamber. Two captive females laid 

 16 eggs on one Stomoxys calcitrans, 26 on one Musca domestica and 54 

 on another, and they also oviposited 13 times on the paper and glass 

 of the jar, on which from 280 to 300 eggs were laid. Incubation 

 lasted six days. The larvae remained within the eggs until the latter 

 were brought close to the skin of a warm-blooded animal. They 



