66 



endeavour to reacli the skin and if successful they leave the eggs, into 

 which they draw back if they fail, unless the skin remains near them 

 for a long period, in which case they leave the egg before effecting 

 contact with the skin. In a damp chamber at the ordinary summer 

 indoor temperature this first (pre-f ceding) larval stage lasted about 

 20 days. Some of the eggs failed to hatch, though conditions were 

 uniform. Many of the larvae obtained were used for infesting a dog, 

 as dogs and cattle are the animals chiefly attacked in Brazil, others 

 being goats, sheep, cats and guinea-pigs. Penetration requires about 

 5 minutes, but for some hours afterwards the black spines of the 

 larvae are visible beneath the skin. A small swelling appears during 

 the following days. A larva that measured 1 '6 mm. by 0"3 mm. at the 

 time of penetration grew to 6 mm. by 2"3 mm. in 16 days, a first 

 moult occurring between the third and eighth day. In three cases the 

 larval period in the dog lasted 35, 39 and 41 days, and in another three 

 cases the periods were 65, 65 and 74 days, probably owing to the lower 

 temperature then obtaining. The mature larva leaves its host and 

 undergoes the pupal metamorphosis in the ground. The infestation 

 of the buccal and eye mucosa in man is easy to understand from the 

 above data. Other parts of the body may be attacked when uncovered, 

 or the larvae in eggs carried by flies may be dropped down the neck. 

 The pupal stage was observed to vary from 64 to 78 days in 4 cases. 

 The last of these took place at the beginning of winter, the labora- 

 tory temperature varying between 12° and 18° C. [54°-65° F.] during 

 the day. In the Province of Rio de Janeiro, where the average 

 temperature is higher than in Sao Paulo, the pupal stage required 

 only 33-37 days from May to August. The adults emerge in the 

 warmest hours of the day, usually between noon and 3 p.m. Mating 

 takes place several times a day, the first occasion being within 24 

 hours of emergence. The average life of D. liominis, from the date of 

 oviposition to the death of the adult, varied from 120 to 141 days. 

 In Central America and Venezuela Janthinosoma {Psorojjhora) 

 lutzi is the sole carrier known of the eggs of D. liominis [see this 

 Review, Ser. B, v, p. 18]. In Sao Paulo the following carriers were 

 noted : Janthinosoma {Psorojjfiora) posticuta {musica, auct.), J. (P.) 

 luizi, other Culicids, Musca domestica, Stomoxi/s calcitrans, a Tabanid, 

 and sylvan Muscids. 



DE FiGUEiREDO Parreiras Horta (P.). Uma nova Molestia de 

 Bovinos e Ovinos. [A nevv- Disease of Cattle and Sheep.] — Rev. 

 Veterinaria e Zootechnia, Rio de Janeiro, v'ni, no. 2, 1918, pp. 3-32. 

 [Received 17th February 1919.] 



A full description is given of a haemorrhagic gastro-enteritis of 

 cattle and sheep in the Brazilian States of Minas Geraes and Rio de 

 Janeiro, which is believed to be carried by ticks. 



Moore (W.). The Effect of Laundering upon Lice {Pediculus corporis) 

 and their Eggs. — Jl. Parasitology, Urbana, v, no. 2, December 

 1918, pp. 61-68. 



The washing of rough cotton goods at a temperature of 180"^ F. 

 (82"2° C.) for 15 or 30 minutes will destroy lice, Pediculus Ivumanus 

 {corporis), and their eggs. Any eggs escaping destruction in the 



