81 



are known to suck blood. The author describes Forcipomyia ingrami, 

 sp. n., the larvae of which were found and reared at Accra. While 

 studying larvae of Stegomyia fasciata, Dr. Ingram found that these 

 were being eaten by larvae of F. ingrami which were generally found 

 not swimming actively, but wandering just above the water-line, being 

 not strictly aquatic. The pupae observed were very inert and were 

 generally found just above the water-line ; when submerged they 

 became detached and showed feeble movements in the water. The 

 eggs have not been found. The larval stage apparently depends 

 upon the amount of the food-supply ; the pupal stage lasts about 

 36 hours. The larvae of this species prey upon mosquito larvae 

 breeding in holes in trees, where several species of Stegomyia, including 

 S. fasciata, the carrier of yellow fever, frequently occur. The chief 

 food of the larvae of F. ingrami is probably the organic debris found 

 on the surface and sides of the rot-hole and this frequently includes 

 dead and stranded larvae and pupae ; probably healthy pupae and 

 emerging adults also are eaten. The food of the adult has not been 

 definitely ascertained, but is probably similar to that of the larva, 

 as records of these midges attacking other insects are accumulating. 

 Culicoides ochrothorax, sp. n. , is also described from the Gold Coast, 

 some members of this genus also being known to suck the body-fluid 

 of living mosquitos. 



Cleland (J. B.). Researches on Plague. — Report of the Director- 

 General of Public H alth, New South Wales, for the Year ended 31st 

 December 1916, Sydney, 1918, pp. 174-175. [Received 7th March 

 1919.] 



In connection with routine measures taken for the detection of the 

 presence of plague and the prevention of its spread, 7,943 rats and mice 

 were examined during 1916. Plague was not found in any of the 

 specimens. The last plague-infected rat was found in Sydney in 

 April 1910. The fleas collected were : — Xenopsylla (Loemopsylla) 

 cheopis, Ctenopsylla miisculi, Ceratophyllus fasciatus, and Ctenocephalus 

 ■felis (or canis). 



CooLEY (R. A.). Third Biennial Report of the Montana State Board of 

 Entomology, 1917-1918.— ffefena, 15th December 1918, pp. 5-25. 

 [Received 7th March 1919.J 



The work of eradication of the spotted fever tick [Dermacentor 

 venustus] has continued for six years and is still being carried out on 

 the same lines as in previous years [see this Review, Ser. B; iii, p. 60, 

 and V, pp. 78-80]. The more important results so far obtained are a 

 reduction both in the cases of spotted fever and in the numl^er of ticks, 

 the better information of the residents regarding the real cause of 

 the disease and ways of avoiding it, and their greater confidence in 

 the future of their land, together with less fear of the disease. Statis- 

 tics show that the cases in Bitter Root Valley have steadily declined 

 from 11 in 1913 to 3 in 1918. In some localities the results of eradica- 

 tion methods have been much better than in others, largely owing 

 to more effective co-operation of the residents. The grazing of animals 

 on unfenced areas has been the cause of a large increase in the tick 



