91 



each of the two giilleries through which the effluent escaped from tne 

 filter bed. The retaining walls in this case were of six-inch concrete 

 backed by soil, the normal volume of sewage ranged from 2| to 4 

 million gallons daily and the time during which the filter could be 

 submerged without seriously injuring the activity of the film was 

 found to be up to 36 hoiirs. Water drawn off after a submergence 

 of 24 hours was full of dead larvae of P. aliernata. Since the life- 

 cycle of the fly during the summer occupies barely two weeks, the 

 filter should be submerged once every 10 days until the flies are killed 

 out, especially as it is not definitely known whether the egg is able 

 to resist the submergence. In the coming season submergence will 

 be begun in the spring, before the flies emerge, and will be continued 

 at 10-days' intervals until rendered unnecessary. The chief factor 

 limiting the . application of this method is the fact that many beds 

 have been constructed without retaining walls. In such cases the 

 author recommends the construction of wooden walls backed by an 

 earthen fill, or the construction of concrete retaining walls such that 

 the ])ed can be filled in 12 hours and submergence maintained for 

 24 hours; 



Pierce (W. D.). Some New Phases of the Entomology of Disease, 

 Hygiene and Sanitation brought about by the Great War. — Jl. 



Econ. Entom., Concord, N.H., xii, no, 1, February 1919, pp. 42- 

 49. 



The growth of medical entomology during and in consecjuence of 

 the War is reviewed and some of the outstanding features of its 

 development are discussed. The necessity for co-operation between 

 entomologists, doctors and parasitologists is insisted upon. Some of 

 the most notable discoveries in medical entomology are enumerated 

 and in particular the modern methods of control of lice, mosquitos 

 and flies and the growth of sanitary entomology. It is pointed out 

 that in the past considerably larger sums have been spent in dealing 

 with the pests of agricultural crops than in the control of insects 

 affecting the health of man and animals. The author hopes that 

 this branch of the science has received a new impetus, that a great 

 field for research and practical work will be opened up and that in 

 time no medical school will be without a complete course in the 

 entomology of disease, hygiene and sanitation. A new phase in sani- 

 tary entomology has been opened up in its application to industry, 

 since the discovery that lowering the specific gravity of the oil used 

 in dry cleaning establishments has an important bearing on the 

 destruction of insects, especially lice. 



MoHLER (J. R.). Report of the Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry. 



—U.S. Dept. Agric, Washington, D.C., 28th September 1918, 

 63 pp. [Received 24th March 1919.] 



During the fiscal year ended 3Cth June 1918, the Field Inspection 

 Division supervised the dipping of over five and a half million sheep 

 for the purpose of eradicating sheep scabies. The eradication of the 

 disease in Montana and Nevada was practically completed, 1,367 

 square miles in Louisiana were placed under quarantine on account 



