122 



Tricyclea, Mtisca and Cordylohia anthropophaga on the Coccid-infested 

 bark of a mulberry tree. 



The eggs are laid in small groups directly in the birds' nests close to 

 the host which the larvae will ultimately attack, the fly being attracted 

 by the odour of the inhabited nest and feeding to some extent on the 

 fresh excrement of the nestlings, resembling Cordylohia in this habit. 



The life-cycle of P. heterochae^.a from the deposition of the. egg to 

 the appearance of. the adult occupies 34 to 40 days, and oviposition 

 occurs 11 days after emergence. The incubation period varies from 

 48 hours to 5 days according to the temperature. 



Sergent (Et. ). Influence du Froid sur le Developpement du Plasmodium 

 relictum chez le Moustique. [The Influence of Cold on the 

 Development oi Plasmodium reliciimi in the Mosquito.]— jBw/L Soc. 

 Path. Exot., Paris, xii, no. 4, 9th April 1919, pp. 174-176. 

 From expermients made with 198 mosquitos to determine the in- 

 fluence of cold as a sterilising agent on the development of Plasmodium 

 relictum, the following conclusions have been reached : A temperature 

 of 12°C [54°F.] during the first six hours after an infecting bite does 

 not prevent infection of the insect by the Plasmodium ; after the sixth 

 hour the Plasmodium may be sterilised, the extreme limit of its 

 resistance at this temperature being three days. The influence of cold 

 is in direct relation to its duration to a degree that is remarkably 

 uniform. This sterilising influence of cold may operate after a pre- 

 liminary fifteen hours of optimum temperature (20° to 30°C. = 68° to 

 86°F.), even on the sporozoites that have reached the salivary glands. 



Feytaud (J. ) & C ENDRE (E.). SuF la Repartition des Gites d' Anopheles 

 maculipennis, Hoflm., et d' Anopheles bifnrcatus, Meig. [Concerning 

 the Distrilnition of the Haunts of Anopheles macuJipennis,lIofiin., 

 and Anopheles bifnrcatus, Meig.] —Bull. Soc. Path. Exot , Paris, 

 xii, no. 4, 9th April 1919, pp. n8-182. 

 Very few authors WTiting on the biology of the mosquitos occurring 

 in France have given any precise indications of the conditions of habitat 

 of the two commonly found species. Anopheles bifurcatus and A. macu- 

 lipennis. In the course of investigations in various parts of France, 

 the authors have examined and compared a great number of the 

 haunts of both species. It was found that their habitats differ con- 

 siderably ; the essential factor influencing their distribution appears to 

 be the temperature of the water, which is itself influenced by the factor 

 of insolation. A. maculipennis breeds preferably in stagnant w^ater, 

 when fairly clean and in sunlight, such as clean pools, lakes, marshes, 

 the edges of ponds and rivers, where vegetation is abimdant and the 

 temperature variable with exposure to summer heat. This is the 

 species most frequently found in the water of public gardens in the 

 towns of the south-west of France and in the ditches and pools in the 

 country, even when these are more or less dirty. A. bifurccdus prefers 

 pure, cold water that is frequently renewed, with but little vegetation. 

 It is found in fresh springs, in shaded streams, covered fountains and 

 wells. 



Although the preferred haunts of the tM'o species are different, both 

 may be found in the same environment. The larvae of both species 

 have been taken co-existing in the same stretch of w^ater, while in other 



