126 



observations on this disease, which occurs in the low-lying or moderately 

 elevated districts, except in the pastures quite close to the Bed Sea. 

 The losses are most severe on the mountain slopes facing the sea, where 

 blood-sucking flies are most numerous. In the interior of the Colony 

 losses are rare. The incubation period lasts 3-4 months and the first 

 symptoms are a gradual loss of condition, slight intermittent fever 

 and lachrymation without ocular lesions. The appetite usually 

 remains unimpaired. Diarrhoea may set in before death. There are 

 no appreciable oedematous swellings and the excretory system is 

 not disturbed. The disease lasts from 6 months to 2 years. Death 

 occurs, owing to extreme debility, in most cases. Recovery requires a 

 long convalescence and apparently results in a lasting immunity. 

 Camel-owners avoid fly-infested localities and consequently the disease 

 does not appear to spread. A list of the blood-sucking flies of Eritrea 

 has been given by Ferraro [see this Review, Ser. B, v, 176]. This 

 paper deals very fully with their distribution. All these species are 

 capable of transmitting the disease mechanically, but the most deadly 

 localities for camels are not those infested by Stomoxys, but those 

 where Pangonia and Tahanns occur, especially the latter. 



CoMmoTTi (L.) & Di DoMizio (G.). L'Emoglobinuria dei Bovini delle 

 Region! prealpine e una Piroplasmosi. Nota preventiva. [The 

 Haemoglobinuria in the Cisalpine Districts (of Italy) is a Piro- 

 plasmosis. Preliminarv Note. ]~C/mica Veierinaria, Milan, no. 

 16-17, 31st August-15th September 1918, pp. 425-430. (Abstract 

 in Trop. Vet. Bull., London, vi, no. 4, 30th December 1918, 

 p. 227.) 



It is probable that the acute form of red water in cattle which 

 occurs perhaps throughout the whole of the cisalpine districts of 

 Northern Italy is due to a species of Piroplasma which is believed to 

 be distinct from P. higeminum. The tick, Boophilus {Margaropus) 

 tmnulatus, is said to be common in the districts in question. 



Teichm.\nn (E.). i, Bekampfung der Stechmiicken durch Blausaure. 



[Combating Mosquitos with Hydrocyanic Acid.] — Zeitschr. f. Hyg. 

 u. hifeJctionsJcrankh., Leipsic, Ixxxv, no. 1, 1st February 1918, 

 pp. 1-16. 

 ii. Bekampfung der Stechmucken durch Blausaure. II. Die Anwendung 

 des Verfahrens auf die Brut der Stechmucken. [The Application 

 . of the Hydrocyanic Acid Method to Mosquito Breeding-Places.] - 

 Ibid., kxxvi, no. 1, 2nd May 1918, pp. 35-51. (Abstracts in 

 Trop. Dis. Bull., London, xiii, no. 1, 15th January 1919, p. 48.) 



An account of experiments with Culex has already been noticed 

 [see this Review, Ser. B, vi, p. 57]. In testing the effect of hydrocyanic 

 acid on Anophelines, which are numerous in September in Wurtemburg, 

 150 Anopheles bifurcatus were submitted to the action of the dilute 

 gas and were found to succumb as readily as Ctdex. It was not 

 necessary to make the room air-tight. 



In the second paper the fact is recorded that mosquito larvae can 

 be killed by the presence of the gas above the water-surface or by dis- 

 Rohdng sodium cyanide in the water. A freshly prepared 1 in 100,000 

 solution in water destroys all the larv^ae and pupae contained therein 



