130 



Griffitts (T. H. D.). Winter Hibernation of Anopheles Larvae. — U.S. 



Public Health Repts., Washington, D.C., xxxiii, no. 46, 15th 

 November 1918, pp. 1996-1998. 



Observations of the author and others on the winter hibernation 

 of American species of Anopheles has led to the conclusion that 

 A. crucians and A. punctipennis, at least, pass the winter in the larval 

 stage. Pupation does not apparently take place until ordmary room 

 temperature occurs. An ice-covered pool that was searched for 

 larvae in the morning without success showed many individuals in 

 the afternoon, when the sun had warmed the pool and had evidently 

 caused them to rise. Larvae of A. crucians taken from a pool on 22nd 

 February and put in room temperature pupated and emerged as 

 adults on the fourth day. Larvicides should therefore be applied in 

 the autumn sufficiently late to kill the last batch of larvae, or before 

 the season suitable for the completion of their aquatic stages in the 

 spring. 



Lentz (W.). Huhnerspirillose in Serbien. [Spirillosis of Fowls in 

 Serbia.] — Centralbl. B<iM., Parasit. u. Infektionskr., lie. Abt. Orig. 

 Jena, Ixxxii, no. 3-4, 11 th November 1918, pp. 303-304, 1 fig. 



This is brief record of observations on fowl spirillosis as observed in 

 Serbia in 1918. A remarkable fact was that the disease occurred in 

 what was a severe winter for the country. The cold weather was 

 broken by a warm spell lasting 14 days and the affected fowls were 

 allowed to run on a wet meadow and were then probably exposed to 

 the infection transmitted by the tick, Argas persicus [miniatus). 



Yruburg (A.). Babesiose en Babesiaparasieten in Nederland. 



[Babesiasis and Babesia Parasites in Holland.] — Reprint from 

 Tijds. V. Diergeneeslc, xlv, nos. 19-20, 1st and 15th October 1918. 

 33 pp., 4 plates. (Abstract in Trap. Vet. Bull., London, vii, no. 

 1, 30th March 1919, pp. 14-15.) 



Little new information on the pathology of redwater in cattle in 

 various parts of the world is here given. Observations are recorded 

 on the life-cycle of Ixodes ricinus, which is apparently the vector of 

 redwater in cattle in Holland. The female tick was able to lay eggs 

 when kept a very few degrees above freezing-point, but at this tem- 

 perature only a few larvae emerged after 8 months. After storage 

 for 6 months at this temperature and subsequent exposure to a change- 

 able winter temperature the eggs were killed. Engorged larvae were 

 found to remain alive for more than 10 months. At room temperature 

 the fully engorged females oviposited after 18 days and larvae hatched 

 46 days later. Larvae were hatched from eggs kept at outside tempera- 

 tures after 59 days. Piroplasma {Babesia) bovis appears to be the 

 parasite causing redwater of cattle in Holland. The author agrees 

 with Nuttall that the name P. (Babesia) divergens should be sunk, and 

 that P. (B.) bigemimim should be retained for the Texas fever parasite 

 and P. [B.) bovis for the European one. 



