147 



that the organisms are constantly present in these lice and their 

 excreta, of which a fraction of a milligramme is sufficient to infect 

 man, and that Rickettsia of typhus does not appear in the excreta 

 of lice with the same regularity as Rickettsia of trench fever. The 

 association of Rickettsia with trench fever has previously been discussed 

 [see this Review, Ser. B, vi, p. 237]. 



Monkey lice {Pedicinus longiceps ?) taken from a monkey infected 

 with typhus on the 7th-8th day of the disease have been shown to 

 contain Rickettsia and probably typhus virus. Lice from monkeys 

 that have not been inoculated have never, so far, been found to 

 contain Rickettsia. 



Stockman (Sir S.). The Pathology and Epizootiology of Louping-ill 

 (Disease of Sheep). With special Reference to Chromatin Bodies 

 in the White Corpuscles.— Tra?«s. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., London, 

 xii, no. 4, 21st February 1919, pp. 74-81. [Received 8th July 

 1919.] 



Further investigations have been made with regard to the trans- 

 mission of louping-ill by Ixodes ricinus [see this Review, Ser. B, vii, 

 p. 17]. The experiments described were made by inoculating lambs 

 and by feeding the ticks on the infected animals. The results of 

 these investigations proved that the blood and juices of the oedematous 

 glands from infected sheep cause identical symptoms and lesions 

 when inoculated into healthy animals. The fluid when microscopically 

 examined showed the presence of chromatin bodies which may prove 

 to be parasitic in character, thus being the causal agent of louping-ill. 

 Only fluid containing these bodies will produce the disease by inocula- 

 tion. Further investigations are being made to confirm this theory. 

 Sheep that have been inoculated show a high resistance to further 

 inoculation and have survived a louping-ill season even though exposed 

 on infected pastures. 



Morris (L. M.). Practical Anti-Malaria Work in the Aegean, 1917- 

 1918.— JL R.N.M.S., London, v, no. 3, July 1919, pp. 261-279, 

 6 figs. 



Malaria conditions in the Aegean Islands, when R.N.A.S. aero- 

 dromes and airship stations were constructed there in 1916-1918, 

 are described. Malaria in these islands occurs in localised endemic 

 areas, caused by the winter flood water from the hills remaining in the 

 low-lying marshes between the foot-hills and the sea. No drainage 

 has ever been attempted, and the islands have remained for centuries 

 in their primitive state, the Greek population continuing to live in 

 the proximity of swamps and accepting the malarial conditions and the 

 consequent lowering of their vitality with characteristic indifference 

 and fatalism. Aerodromes had to be constructed of necessity in 

 low-lying, flat country and therefore inevitably adjacent to swamps 

 and marsh land. The native population was already highly malarial, 

 mosquitos were numerous, supplies for anti-malarial measures were 

 not at once forthcoming and preventive work had not been commenced. 

 The result was a very high sick rate from malaria in the islands of 

 Thasos and Kassandra from June to October in 1916. A military 

 guard of 84 men was reduced to 14 effectives after a few weeks, the 



