170 



and Culex are lowest in January during the period of cold, dry wind ; 

 they immediately rise on the cessation of the wind about February 

 and remain high during the hot weather. During the early heavy 

 rains, from May to July the nmnbers fall, rising again during the 

 steady rains of August and reaching a maximum in October after 

 the cessation of the rains, and then declining steadily during November, 

 December and January. 



Gedoelst (L.). Inventaire d'une Collection d'Oestrides Africains. — 



Bull. Entom. Research, London, ix, no. 4, July 1919, pp. 333-340. 



Among the larvae of Oestrid flies here dealt with are : — Gasteeo- 

 PHILINAE : Gyrostigma meruense, Sjost., from rhinoceros in northern 

 Nyasaland ; Gastrojohilus ternicinctus, Ged., taken in Nyasaland and 

 from a zebra in Katanga. 



Oestrinae : Oestrus interrujMis, sp. n., which appears to be widely 

 distributed, having been taken in Portuguese East Africa, Nyasaland 

 and Uganda in the frontal sinus and nasa] cavities of haartebeestes 

 and wildebeestes ; the larva figured by H. H. King under the name 

 0. variolosus belongs to this species ; Oestrus avis, L., taken in Zanzibar 

 in the nasal cavities of a goat and in Nyasaland in a sheep ; 0. mac- 

 donaldi, Ged., from the frontal sinus of haartebeestes in northern 

 Nyasaland and Portuguese East Africa ; 0. aureo-argentatus, Rodh. 

 & Beq., from the same host in Portuguese East Africa and in Uganda 

 in the nasal cavities of Damaliscus lunatus; 0. disjunctus, from 

 Uganda in the nasal cavities of D. lunatus ; Rhinoestrus purpureas, 

 Brauer, from the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan in the ethmoidal sinus of a 

 mule and also occurring in Algeria, Nyasaland and Morocco ; Gedoelstia 

 cristata, Rodh. & Beq., from haartebeeste in northern Nigeria ; 

 G. hdssleri, Ged., from the same host in Portuguese East Africa and 

 Nyasaland, and from the nasal cavities of D. lunatus in Uganda ; 

 Kirkioestrus {Kirkia) surcoufi, Ged., taken associated with the last- 

 named species. 



Hypoderminae : Dermatoestrus strepsicerontis, Brauer, infesting 

 the skin of a reed-buck, in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, having formerly 

 been recorded as a parasite of the kudu in Cape Colony ; Hypoderma 

 corinnae, Crivelh, taken on Gazella dorcas, L., in the Anglo-Egyptian 

 Sudan. 



CoBBOLDiiNAE : Cobholdia loxodontis, Brauer, parasitic upon elephants 

 in Uganda and the Gold Coast. 



A complete list of all the known African parasitic flies of these 

 subfamihes with their hosts is appended. 



Wesenberg-Lund (C). Bidrag til Stikmyggenes Biologi. [Contributions 

 to the Biology of the Cuhcids]. — Naturens Verden, Copenhagen, iii, 

 1919, pp. 1-26, 49-67, 150-170, 312-320. 



The views generally held on the biology of the Culicids are based 

 upon the knowledge of one species, Culex pipiens, whereas most of 

 the others have a different life-history. 



Investigations on the Danish species show that C^dex pipiens 

 hibernates as an adult fertihsed female in cellars and elsewhere in 

 houses. In the spring when the temperature reaches about 50° F. 

 it comes into the open to oviposit in old water-casks, water-troughs, 



