174 



A larval tick, which is apparently a new species but very near to 

 Ixodes holocydus, and a louse that appears to be Trichodectus latus 

 or a nearly related species were taken from the same animal. 



CuRLEWis (A. W.). Plans of a Sheep Dip. — Jl. Dept. Agric. Victoria, 

 Melbourne, xvii, no. 7, July 1919, pp. 433-435. 



Details for constructing a sheep dipping tank with a diagram and 

 particulars of the cost of erection are given. 



EouBAUD (E.). Les Particularit6s de la Nutrition et la Vie sym- 

 biotique chez les Mouches Tsetses. — Ann. Inst. Pasteur, Paris, 

 xxxiii, no. 8, August 1919, pp. 489-536, 15 figs. 



The question of symbiosis in the higher organisms is a much disputed 

 point. The author was led to carry on the investigations described 

 in the present paper in the course of a study of the metamorphoses 

 of Glossina, and records his observations of hereditary association 

 between insects and micro-organisms that apparently form an essential 

 factor in their lives. The mode of nutrition during the larval and 

 nymphal stages is described ; the role of leucocytes in the nutrition 

 of the nymphs and the evolution of adipose tissue is discussed, as 

 well as the conditions of nutrition of the adult. 



The examination of three species of pupiparous Hippoboscids having 

 no close association wath Glossina, namely, Melophagus sp., Lipoptena 

 cervi and Hippobosca equina, L., revealed the intra-cellular presence 

 of symbiotic organisms in the intestinal tract and confirmed the hypo- 

 thesis of a connection between blood-sucking and pupiparous habits, and 

 it may be considered that similar symbiotic relations exist in the 

 case of all Diptera having conditions of nutrition and reproduction 

 analogous to those of the tsetse-fly. All pupiparous Diptera are 

 provided with intestinal symbiotes and are strictly haemophagous, 

 these three characteristics having a distinct inter-relation. Without 

 the intervention of the symbiotes in the digestion of blood taken in 

 by the fly, the elements of water would not be present in sufficient 

 quantity to allow of an exclusive diet of blood. The natural result 

 of this symbiotic haemophagy is pupiparity. It is readily understood 

 that such a condition, in which the insect is suppUed with a uniform, 

 rich and easily- obtained nourishment, admits of larval development 

 in the uterus, and also enables the fly to limit its hosts to a few verte- 

 brates. These flies, although entirely independent of their hosts 

 except at the moment of feeding, and living entirely apart from them, 

 are nevertheless as strictly parasitic as permanent ectoparasites ; 

 this exclusive diet also explains the particular role played by Glossina 

 in the evolution of trypanosomes and other blood parasites. 



Zabala (J.), RosENBuscH (F.) & Gonzalez (R.). Seccl6n Bacterio- 

 logfa y Veterinaria. — Mem. Trabajos realizados por el Inst. 

 Biologico, Soc. Rural Argentina {May 1917-April 1919), Buenos 

 Aires, 1919, pp. 3-31. 



Certain cattle destined for the Chaco territory were treated 

 with inoculations of blood parasites from animals native to the terri- 

 tory with the object of rendering them immune to tick fever. It 



