NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 1'0'3- 



to tell you tliat E. ianim spins a cocoon, perhaps hardly so good a 

 one as sambucaria, and therefore perhaps you will deny it the name. I 

 gave him no chips, no sawdust, sand or anything to go into ; but he 

 goes to the bottom of the tumbler amongst a lot of short grass, and 

 ties various portions together and to the glass with cables, so, magni-. 

 fied" (sketch), " and these are numerous enough to justify (the name) 

 cocoon being applied to the structure. He has settled down about the 

 middle of the upper slope, and is nearly ready to change — I cannot 

 put in the rest of grass and cables " (sketch). On Jan. 22nd I sent 

 glass, &c., to Mr. Hellins. On the 27th he writes : — " Thanks to your 

 packing, tumbler and pupa have come safely. I haven't examined 

 the latter thoroughly yet, but sufficiently to see several little cables of 

 silk, with elaborate fastening to the glass, and the grass blades are 

 plainly held together. I daresay I have a dozen little larvae. I hope 

 some of them will show similar cunning." On Feb. 8th: — " E. ianira 

 came out yesterday." He made no further report on the cocoon. 

 Unfortunately, at this time his letters tell me of much suffering from 

 toothache, neuralgia, &c., which terminated so soon after in his 

 lamented loss. On April 28th I wrote to him : — " My four ianira 

 (some, I suppose, I did not force) are now three in pupa and one hung 

 up. Each has thrown out a cable or two, one several, and one has 

 tied some grass together ; but in no case has anything been made that 

 could be called a cocoon, as might fairly be done with the one I sent 

 you. The intention is, I think, of the same nature as a cocoon, in the 

 case of the one that has drawn together some grass, namely, hiding and 

 protection, something more than merely steadying the stem to which 

 pupa is affixed. Curiously enough, all of them have suspended them- 

 selves to the glass ; in each case stiffly by medium of cast skin, and at 

 an angle and not mere suspension " (sketch showing angle to be about 

 50°). I need not say none of these letters were written with any view 

 to publication. I have made no observations since that do not confirm 

 these, and the only change I should now make in describing them 

 would be in the direction of regarding all these instances of cables,. 

 drawing grass together, &c., as having to be described as cocoons. — • 

 T. A. Chapman ; Firbank, Hereford, February, 1894. 



The Bubney Collection (Heterocera, continued from p. 69). — 

 A fine series of fifteen Cleora arvjularia (= viduaria] was broken up 

 into three lots of four examples in each, and two of these were 

 purchased at £2 17s. 6d. per lot ; the other lot went for £3 3s. ; and 

 three specimens, together with six of C. glabmria, fetched 35/-. The 

 two lots of Acidalia, in each of which a specimen of A. perochmria was 

 included, sold for 12/- per lot ; and two others, each containing an 

 example of A. herbariata, found purchasers at 15/- to 20/-. The latter, 

 however, included a specimen of A. osseata. Two specimens of the last- 

 named species, seven of A. circellata, and others, realised 37/6; and 

 other lots, in which half-adozen A. circellata formed part, sold for £2 

 and £1 17s. 6d. A scratch-lot, in which were one A. herbariata, nine 

 A. mancuniata, nice banded forms of A. marginepiincta, &c., only made 

 10/- ; and for a nice useful assortment of some fifty-four Acidalia 

 including " one strir/aria taken by Mr. Button near Gravesend, 1870," 

 the bidding would not advance beyond 5/-. In the case of some lots,. 



