LIFE-HISTOBY OF VANESSA 0-ALBUM. 261 



the dorsal spines on the 2nd and 3rd segments, as well as the 

 greater portion of the first and last segments, are oif the same 

 ivory-white colour ; there are no spines on the 1st segment ; the 

 head is shining black, with two short blunt tubercles on the 

 crown, one on each lobe, and emit a number of black bristles ; 

 the surface of the head is scattered with numerous black hairs ; 

 the legs are black and white, the claspers whitish with black 

 extremities. They rest in the same attitude as in the previous 

 stage, and always upon the under surface of the leaf. 



Second moult. May 21st. After the second moult, twenty- 

 six days old, it measures jf in^- long ; the body is cylindrical and 

 of uniform thickness throughout ; the ground colour is of a dark 

 olive-brown, reticulated with white along the dorsal and sub- 

 spiracular region ; the dorsal pair of spines on the 2nd and 3rd 

 segments are amber-yellow, those on the 4th segment (where the 

 medio-dorsal series commences) are all black ; the three dorsal 

 spines of the 5th segment are paler yellow, and creamy white on 

 the 7th, 9th, and 12th ; all are black on the 6th, 8th, 10th, and 

 11th segments ; all the spines are furnished with very finely 

 pointed black spinelets ; the creamy white surrounding the bases 

 of the white and pale amber spines form large conspicuous 

 markings. All other details are similar to the previous stage, 

 and their habits are the same. 



Third moult, June 1st. Shortly before the fourth moult, and 

 thirty-four days old, it measures, while extended, x% in- > the 

 ground colour is black, the 6th to 10th inclusive segments have 

 the dorsal surface encircling the medio- and sub-dorsal spines of 

 a milky white colour, the 11th segment has the anterior half 

 white ; all the dorsal spines of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th seg- 

 ments are amber-yellow ; all the super-spiracular spines are 

 black, and are situated on amber-yellow crescentic markings ; 

 those of the sub-spiracular series are greyish, and placed on a 

 creamy-white streak ; a curved amber-yellow streak passes 

 directly below the spiracles, which are outlined with whitish ; 

 the body is encircled by two white lines at the segmental 

 divisions, but those on the anterior part being pale yellow. 



Fourth and last moult, June 8th. After fourth moult and 

 fully grown, forty-five days old, it measures from 1^ in. to If in. 

 in length, when extended whib crawling ; the body is almost 

 uniform in thickness, the first and last segments only being the 

 smallest ; each segment is much swollen round the middle, so 

 that the larva has the appearance of being tightly girdled at the 

 juncture of each segment; there are seven longitudinal rows of 

 spines from the 4th to 11th segments inclusive, which are situated 

 in the following order : each having a medio-dorsal, sub-dorsal, 

 super-spiracular, and sub-spiracular spine, the medio-dorsal 

 spine being a little in advance of the rest ; the 2nd, 3rd, and 

 12th segments have each four spines ; all those on the 2nd, 3rd, 



