PARNASSIUS. By H, Stichel. 21 



pale yellow oblique side-stripes, after the last moult light red-brown, with 2 pale yellow longitudinal stripes 

 bearing black spots, there being moreover black dashes, lines, arrowhead-shaped spots and other black mar- 

 kings on the back. The under surface and sides as far as the yellow stripes greyish brown, the former with numer- 

 ous pale dots. Head and thoracical legs black. Tlie whole body short-hairy; reversible fork whitish yellow, almost 

 transparent; in May and June on Gorydalis-species, especially C. gigantea, concealed in day-time. Pupa in a 

 rather strongly built cocoon, which lies underneath old pieces of wood, stones etc. (Geaeser). In the Altai Mts., 

 Amurland, Ussuri (Eastern Asiatic coast-provinces). — A smaller form, in the ? of which the grey inai'kings are 

 intensified, inhabits Eastern Tibet (Kuku-nor, Sining) and Kashmir (also called Chinese Tartary): tartarus Aiisf.; tartams. 

 the cell-spots are more distinct and connected with one another and with the costal spot situated beyond the apex 

 of the cell by a grey dusting along the sides of the cell. Submarginal band of forewing more distinctly marked, 

 on both wings along both sides of the veins a more or less abundant dusting of blackish scaling; generally a grey 

 spot at the costal margin of hindwing. Collar and underside of abdomen a little yellowish. Besides the dif- 

 ference in size (length of forewing 27 mm, as compared with 34 mm of the first-described form), there are 

 in the cfcT hardly any noteworthy or constant differences; this sex is said to be on the whole paler. — 

 citrinarius Motsch. (= glacialis Butl.) (11a) is much larger than the preceding forms. The blackish grey citrinarius. 

 central spot of the cell is sometimes connected with the apical cell-spot by fuscous dusting along the sides 

 of the cell, and the submarginal band of the forewing is more or less distinct and complete. Abdominal 

 area of hindwing deep black as far as the cell, clothed with white hairs; on and along the veins blackish 

 dusting. Collar, coxae and abdomen laterally clothed with yellow or reddish yellow hairs. Underside of 

 wings slightl}' yellow. In some Japanese specimens (from Hakodate) the cell-spots and the submarginal 

 band of the forewing have entirely disappeared, or are only very feebly indicated: ab. eluta nov. The ? eluta. 

 as a rule somewhat more densely shaded grey, sometimes entirely fuscous , of a somewhat glossy aspect ; 

 these dark specimens may be named ab. umbrosa nor. At moderate altitudes , in July. Japan : Hondo umbrosa. 

 (Nippon), Yezzo (Hakodate), Kiushiu; Korea; West and Central China. 



2. Clarius-Group. 



P. felderi Brem. (11a). Opaque white, with a very faint yellowish tint; fringes black or whitish, a. felderi. 

 thin marginal line being black. Forewing dusted with black on the veins, at the base and at the costal 

 margin, bearing the usual spots; distal margin narrowly vitreous, this band usually extended only as far as 

 three-fourths of edge. Hindwing with 2 black spots, the upper bearing often , the posterior more rarely, a 

 red central dot ; the posterior spot sometimes altogether wanting or only indicated bj' a dot ; in the ab- 

 dominal area usually a black band-like spot, and beyond the cell along the edge of the wing black dusting. 

 The ? more sharply and extended)}' marked with grey; the forewing bearing beyond the cell a more or 

 less complete median band, which is however sometimes indicated also in the o"', and a submarginal band 

 which is more sharply defined than in the cT being, moreover, separated from the vitreous edge only by a 

 row of white halfmoons. Hindwing of ? more extendedly blackish; the eye-spots mostly without red pupil, 

 sometimes however also the anal ocellus bearing a read spot; near the distal margin a distinct blackish and 

 somewhat undulate band, which is occasionally vestigial in the cf . Often both wings more or less densely 

 dusted with black. Strongly melanistic specimens are ab. atrata Graes. The underside of felderi with greasy atrata. 

 lustre ; the ocelli of the hindwing as a rule filled in with red and white ; 3 red basal spots , more or less 

 dusted with white. Frons, collar, and abdomen yellow-haired, antenna and legs black. Pouch of ? brownish, 

 flat trough -shaped, occupying almost half the length of the alxlomen. At the Lower Amur, Bureja Mts.; 

 said to fly only in the forest. — Larva on Corydalis. 



P. eversmanni M4n. (? = wosnesenskii M^n.) (10 g). Ground-colour yellow in d", yellow or yellowish- eversmanni. 

 white in ?. Resembles in pattern very closely the ? of the preceding: forewing grey at base and costal 

 margin, and greyish glossy at distal margin; beyond the cell a curved discal band shaded with grey and 

 a similar, sometimes less distinct, submarginal one. Abdominal area of hindwing dusted with black; a spot 

 at anal angle, occasionally (especially often in ?) prolonged to a short band; a more or less distinct undul- 

 ate submarginal band; further, 2 red oceUi, the posterior one sometimes being all black on upperside or 

 being wanting, remaining however distinct below; base of hindwing above spotted with red. Head and 

 body yellow-haired. Pouch of ? whitish, similar to that of I', mnemosijni', bearing a longitudinal groove. — 

 In the Altai Mts., Amurland, Transbaicalia, Witim- district, in June and July. The butterflj- is found on 

 small clearings in the forest and on narrow forest-roads, where it is flitting up and down so very fast that 

 one can hardly catch it except by watching for it. The area inhabited bj' this species extends as far as 

 Alaska, the insect being known from there as thor Edw., which form, as an American representative of 

 the species, remains to be dealt with in another place. 



P. clarius Eversm. (lib). Wings white. Cell -spots of forewing elongate-rotundate , deep black; c/anus. 

 beyond the cell an abbreviated curved macular band and near the vitreous distal edge a similar, but nearly 

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