22 



PARNASSIUS. By H. Stichel. 



complete and more strongly marked band. Hindwing with 2 distinct red or yellow ocelli, and 2 anal spots, 

 bearing sometimes red pupils; abdominal margin black-grey. ? more strongly marked than cf, the middle 

 band of forewing prolonged. This band sometimes marked as strongly as, or more strongly than, the sub- 

 marginal band, the hindwing bearmg near the edge a distinct band of arcs or halfmoons, which appear some- 

 dentata. times also in the a^, this o''-form being described as dentata And. (lib). Underside without red basal spots. 

 Pouch of ? whitish, strongly elongate, similar to that of P. mnemosyne. Antenna black. — Altai, Saissan. 

 Often confounded with the American P. clod'ms Erersni. or forms of the same ; however, these are not diffic- 

 ult to recognize by the pattern being somewhat similar to that of eversmanni and feldcri. 



nordmanni. P. nordmantli Men. {^= clarius IL S. tig. 257. 258; = pataraeus Westw.) (lib). Similar to the previous, 



but forewing without submarginal macular band, the vitreous margin considerably widened, there being often 

 a blackish spot before the hindmargin; ocelli of hindwing reddish yellow, distal margin glossy grey. The 

 ? inore strongly marked, partly powdered wnth blackish scaling; costal spot of forewing enlarged to an 

 abbreviated band; the ocelli of hindwing sometimes connected by a black line. Underside without basal 



trimaculata. spots. In ab. trimaculata Schaposclin. the anal spot bears sometimes a distinct red pupil, being ocellus-like. 



Eastern Armenia and Caucasus. — From the North - Eastern Caucasus (Daghestan , 4000 m) the form 



minima, minima //owr. (1 1 c) is known, being distinguished only by the inferior size and somewhat reduced markings. 



3. Apollo-Group. 



bremeri. P. bremeri Feld. (lie). White, with black veins. Forewing with 2 black elongate cell -spots, 



2 costal spots situated beyond the cell, a blackish submarginal band , often represented only by some vest- 

 iges, a narrow vitreous distal margin in apical portion of edge, and a blackish spot at hind margin. Hind- 

 wing with 2 red ocelli bordered with black, the anterior one being usually the purer in colour and larger; 

 further, the black abdominal area produced forward at apex of cell into a tooth-like projection; anal spots 

 incomplete; a red spot at base above, while below there are 4 large red basal spots with blackish borders, 

 and a continous line of blackish, often obsolete, submarginal sj)ots. Antenna blackish brown. Fringes of 

 wings black, or partly whitish, especially on hindwing, a marginal line being black. ? rather larger than cf , 

 upperside more or less powdered with blackish scaling, the black markings intensified, ill-defined, anal spots 

 of hindwing more distinctly marked, tiiere being, moreover, a blackish, shadowy, submarginal band. Pouch 

 small, leaf-shaped, pointed, on the broad portion of its under surface a longitudinal carina. Lower Amur: 

 Bureja Mts. , Ussuri. — In the Jablonoi Mts. (Transbaicalia) , at altitudes from 1300 to 2000 m, the 

 species has on the forewing the costal spots intensified and filled in with red, the submarginal band of the 

 upperside of the hindwing being sometimes visible also in the cf, and the basal spots being enlarged, some- 

 graeseri. times doubled. This form is graeseri Bonr. (lid). — In some specimens of the ? the ocelli of hindwing 

 are connected by a black line and the anal spots are band-like, reaching the jiosterior ocellus, while in the 

 cfcf which are considered to belong to these ?? the submarginal band of the forewing is more distinctly 

 co/yunc/fl. marked; this form, which has received the name ab. conjuncta Stgr. (lie), seems to inhabit the more 

 Southern districts of Amurland (Ussuri), where, however, also the nuiin form occurs. — Larva slender, black, 

 dotted with yellow, in May on various species of Sedum. 



delius. p. delius Esp.*) (lid). Wings white, with a faint yellowish tint, bearing the usual black spots. 



On the forewing the proximal costal spot situated distalh' of cell as a rule with red pupil: submarginal 

 band incomplete; the vitreous marginal band not reaching the hind angle; black hindmarginal spot present 

 or absent. Ocelli of hindwing usualh' of lesser size . entirely red or with white pupil , sometimes strongly 

 reduced. Underside with red basal spots. In ? the upperside more or less dusted with black, the markings 

 intensified; forewing with hindmarginal sjiot, which is occasionally filled in with red; hindwing with anal 

 spots, submarginal macular band, and blackish vitreous margin. Shaft of antenna ringed black and white. 

 Fringes of wings usually white, on hindwing black at the veins. Pouch of ? very similar to that of the prec- 

 eding species. Abdomen strongly hairy in both sexes. A widely distributed and variable species.**) — 

 henichii. As individual aberrations are to be mentioned: ab. ? herrichii Oberth.; costal spots of forewing connected by 

 aurantiaca. a black shadowy band with the spot situated at hind margin, ab. aurantiaca Spuler, ocelli of hindwing 

 leonhardi. stained j'ellow, and ab. leonhardi Ri'ihl, ocelli entirely black. As ab. anna nuv. (lie) a form may be introduced 

 anna, ^yhich bears a distinct red basal spot on the upperside of the hindwing; the ? here figured, which is moreover 

 rather strongly powdered with black and therefore resembles already the following form, is from Sulden, 



*) We follow here the customary nomenclature. If the International Rules of Nomenclature were applied in this case, 

 the name delius would have to be rejected, since it was already preoccupied by Papillo delius Drury (1782), when it was first 

 emploj-ed for the present insect as I'apilio dilius Esp. (1800). The new name taking its place would be P. phoehus sacerdos Stick. 

 — For the classification of the forms of delius = phoehus and the validity of the employment of the latter name see Bed. Ent. 

 Zeitschr., vol. 51, p. 81 (1906). 

 • **) For the limits and extent of the variability, and the value and systematic arrangement of the forms, see p. 23 



under P. apollo. What is said there, applies likewise to all the other species of Parnassius. 



