PARNASSIUS. By H. Stichbl. 33 



witli deeper black, and with 2 anal spots dusted with blue, from Kuldja, transitions occurring in the local- 

 ities where the preceding form tHes. — ab. infumata Anst., recognizable by the ground-colour of the wings infumata. 

 having a dirty yellow tint, from Karategin. — In the West of the area of the species, adjoining the south- 

 ern and eastern districts, a special race, staudingeri Batif/-Huas (toe), with several aberrations, appears staudingeri. 

 to have separated; ground-tint of the main form purer and more extended white, bands of forewing rather 

 sharply defined, but narrow, no black shading on disc in cT, hindmarginal spot present ; hindwing with nar- 

 row grey margin, a sui)marginal band of halfmoons, 2 rather large blackish anal spots, small ocelli, filled 

 in with deep red. ? with stronger markings, disc of forewing dusted with black, submarginal band broader, 

 ocelli of hindwing larger, the margin of hindwing more strongly blackened. From Sarafshan (Samarkand), 

 Alai and Transalai Mts. In the last locality occur transitions to the very similar illustris Gr.-Grsh. {= trans- niustris. 

 iens And.) (16a). This form is in both sexes likewise recognizable i)y the narrowed, sharply defined bands 

 and the pure white ground-colour of the forewing; hindwing with small or obsolescent anal spots and re- 

 duced submarginal ])and of which often remain only single isolated small spots, the distal edge rather broadly 

 grey, in o^ deeply scalloped; from the Eastern Transalai district, at altitudes of about 3200 m, flying on 

 inclines covered with Festuca and various species of Allium, found like infcrnulis in July, intergrading with 

 that form in the North and East of the district. Larva brownish, with light longitudinal side-stripes, darker 

 dots and spots on the segments, placed transversely; concealed under stones; food -plant not known. — 

 ab. cardinal Gr.-Grsh. (15f) flies hkewise in the Sarafshan and Transalai (Ghissar Mts., and Mts. of Peter cardinal. 

 the Great); a magnificent form, profusely marked with black, the deep red ocelli of hindwing enlarged, 

 their black borders connected by a broad bar; the ?? usually darker, with more extended pattern. On hind- 

 wing below large red basal spots and a red -centred hindmarginal spot. Otherwise the cf agreeing with 

 .•<fau(/iiu/rri or infenialis. — In South-Eastern Fergana (Alai Mts.) and at the head-waters of the Naryn River 

 in the Tianshan (Nura Mts., Jitim-tau) the prevalent race is albulus Honr. (? = delphinus Christ, i. /.) (16 a) albulus. 

 with its aberrations, though there occur in these districts also occasional specimens similar to the neigh- 

 bouring subspecies and delphius All forms of alhilus are distinguished by somewhat broader, at the apex 

 more i-ounded wings. The type with narrow limpid margin to the forewing, submarginal band separated 

 into more or less strongly marked spots, the costal spots modified into a short band, hindmarginal spot 

 isolated; with narrow blackish margin, 2 bluish anal spots, before which there stand 8 or 4 blackish sub- 

 marginal spots; ocelli large and bright, hindmarginal spot often centred red. At altitudes of from 2100 to 

 3600 m. — In ab. marginata Huwe the limpid margin is considerably widened on both wings, the sub- marginata. 

 marginal spots of hindwing reduced or absent, with the. exception of the last two blue-centred spots, hind- 

 marginal spot mostly red-centred, more often in ? than in d". Nura Mts., Jitim-tau. — ab. boettcheri Hnwe boettcheri. 

 has specially dark and sharply defined markings, the short costal band of forewing being enlarged and 

 joined to the hindmarginal spot by means of a curved black band ; hindmarginal spots of hindwing mostly 

 red ; otherwise as in albiibis. — Specimens without hindmarginal spot on forewing are ab. pura Hiiwe, in the pura. 

 most extreme individuals of which the middle cell-spot is obsolete, while the submarginal spots of forewing 

 are absent. — ab. rubropicta lluue has in the short costal band of forewing 1 or 2 red spots, one before mbropida. 

 and another in between the radials. — For individuals in which the anterior ocellus of the hindwing is -plain 

 black the designation ab. semicaeca llxire may be applied; in this form the anal and basal spots of hind- semicaeca. 

 wing below usually likewise all black. — ab. denigrata Huwe (16a) is the name of, specimens in which both denigrata. 

 ocelli are plain black, a character which appears to be generally accompanied by a reduction of the red 

 spots on upper- and underside. — All these aberrations occur with the principal form in the localities men- 

 tioned under ab. marginata. — In the district of Kashgar (Chin. Turkestan) a race appears to have devel- 

 oped which is on the one hand similar to allndm and on the other to ab. maximina: dolabella Friihst. dolabella. 

 Ground-colour pure white; forewing with broad black bands, submarginal band continuous, separated from 

 the vitreous margin only by isolated, distinctly defined, white spots; ocelH of hindwing bright carmine, very 

 broadly bordered with black , connected by a black line (? individually) , submarginal spots black , also the 

 posterior ones without blue, the anterior ones contiguous, band-like, separated from the marginal band as 

 on forewing by white spots. — Towards the South of the area, extending to the Himalayas, there appears 

 hunza Gr.-Gr^h. (16b). Similar to the following, but larger; the band not well defined, the short costal hunza. 

 band of forewing not prolonged, sometimes more abundant grey scahng on disc; hindwing with very narrow 

 grey margin, but strong submarginal band, which terminates in 2 black spots, ocelli all black (? individually), 

 reduced or punctiform. — stoliczkanus Feld. (16 c) is smaller and has better defined markings. The discal stoUczkanus. 

 band of forewing shortened, in exceptional cases running into the submarginal band. Hindwing with broad 

 marginal band, in which there stand 4 or 5 darker spots, which are dusted with blue in ?; as a rule only one 

 ocellus preserved, namelj' the posterior one, being sometimes reduced to a dot; moreover, often a red hind- 

 marginal dot. N.W. Himalayas: Ladak, Marka, Rupshu. — atkinsoni Moore is probably an aberration of atkinsoni. 

 the previous, a ? from Kashmir (Fir Pinjal); the bands of forewing broader, all three complete, submarginal 

 spots within tlie marginal band of hindwing distinctly blue, 2 ocelli, the posterior one enlarged, and 2 red- 

 centred hindmarginal spots. — Likewise from Kashmir (Ladak, Kutie pass) is stenosemus /7o/(r. (16b\ \)%mg stenosemus. 

 most probably an individual or seasonal form of stoliczkanux ; larger, the markings less well defined, bands 



