44 PIERIS. By J. Robek. 



unimportant or even incorrect. The larva of D. aijlaia L. feeds on Xauclea cadamba, that of I>. encharis 

 Dmr;/ on Loranthus longitlorus. The larva of D. arjlaia is tlesh-colour, bearing on each segment 3 rather 

 long yellow bristles, the head being dark. The pupa has pointed tubercles at the sides and is of a dark 

 colour. The larva of D. eiirharis is brownish, bearing small bluish white spots at the sides, the thoracic 

 legs, head and anal prolegs being dark. The pupa is yellowish with black spots. 



belladonna. D. belladonna F. (19 c o"). The range of this species reaches from North India to West China 



(Omei-Shan and ;\lupin), flying in the Palaearctic Region at altitudes of from 3 to 4000 ft. in July and 

 August. This fine butterfly is black , bearing a discal aiul a submarginal row of whitish spots on both 

 wings, a large, sharply defined, bright yellow spot at the costal edge of the hindwing and yellow dusting 

 at the hindmargin of this wing. The underside is lighter coloured, the whitish markings are better defined, 

 being replaced by yellow spots on the hindwing, the forewing also bearing 3 small yellow subapical spots. 

 The ? has the ground-colour somewhat paler and the light markings are rather larger. 



sanaca. 



D. sanaca Mimn' is an inliabitaut of the western Himalayas, but is said to have also been found in 

 Tibet (Kunawur). This species flies in India in ilay and June. The butterfly keeps shy of sunshine, flying 

 only in shady places, especially underneath horse-chestnuts; it is a very fast flier. Of the same size as 

 sii/jiiiibi/fi , the forewing being greyish black with white markings in the cell, on the disc and at the distal 

 and hind margins. Hindwing yellowish white, deeper yellow distalh" at the abdominal margin, the veins 

 being dark; cell broadly margined with fuscous; at the distal margin shadowy halfmoons, the margin itself 

 being narrowly fuscous. Underside with more extended light markings; the hindwing pale yellow except 

 a row of large white discal spots, the veins being fuscous and the dark submarginal halfmoons broader than 

 above. The $ is somewhat darker above and beneath. 



subnubila. D« subnubila Leech (19e cf) is a local form of the much lighter coloured sanacu Moore from the. 



western Himalayas. Paler than belladonna ; upperside at the distal margin with whitish halfmoons , which 

 are almost round beneath; on the disc and in the cell there are broad pale streaks; the widened pale 

 yellow streaks of the underside of the hindwmg ai'e edged with white. Occurs in West China (Mupin, 

 Huang-mu-chang and Pu-tsu-fong), in July and August. — In Central China (Chang -Yang) there flies in 

 adelma. June and July adelma Mith (19 e cT), which is a darkened form of nubnuhila. 



patrua. D. patrua Leech (19 b cf), which fhes in Central China (Cliang-Yang) in June and July, is 



distinguished by the total absence of the yeUow basal costal streak from the upperside of the hindwing. 

 The light submarginal spots are but small and the discal spots streak-hke. being narrow; the yellow 

 markings of the hindwing beneath are also very much reduced, the yellow basal costal spot being on the 

 lativitta. contrary well developed. — In lativitta Leech (19 c cf), from West China (Ta-tsien-lu and Mupiul. the light 

 markings are much more distinct; the forewing bears a broad white stripe at the inner margin and the 

 hindwing has also above the yellow basal costal stripe, which is however much narrower than in belladonna 

 and sanaca. 



stollii. D. Stollii Btlf. {=^ antonoe Stoll) (19d), from '-China", is most likely only an insignificant local 



form of Ik i Piccurda) hlerte Hhii. from India and Indo-China. The o"" is white above; the forewing has 

 black-streaked veins and bears an indistinct submarginal band of black spots, the hindwing having a reddish 

 flush. The underside of the hindwing bears a marginal row of red spots and the inner area is chrome- 

 yellow except some white submarginal spots. The ? is much darkened above, being blackish brown. 



6. Genus: I*iei"is Schrk., Cabbage -Whites. 



As already stated above, Pierii differs from Delias in having 4 subcostal branches. While Aporia, 

 Mefaporia and Mesapia have the wings very thinly scaled, they are thickly covered with scales in Pieris, 

 being chalky. Upperside white, with few black markings, only occasional specimens being yellowish and 

 some mountain and arctic forms darkened: underside white or yellowish, with black or yellowish green 

 markings. Most species are common, some being noxious to cultivated plants. Larva feeding on herbs. 

 — In the Palaearctic Region represented by a few species only, but abundantly developed in the Tropics. 



brassicae. P. brassicac L. (19d, spring-form), o" white above, with the apex of the forewing and a spot at 



the apex of the hindwing black: the forewing beneath white, with "2 black discal spots, the hindwing 

 yellow, being dusted with black atoms. In the ? the black markings rather more strongly developed; it 



