46 PIERIS. By .i. Robeh. 



malwmetana. beneath, but bears dark markings. — The Pamir form, mahometana Gt-.-Gr^li., is above margined with 

 black and beneath nmch darker. In the ? the black spots are enlarged and partly confluent. 



devta. P. devta Nicev. ("20b), from Ladak, Kashgar and Samarkand, is white above with a reddish tint: 



forewing with the costal margin from base to apex of cell dark, a blackish costal subapical spot posteriorly 

 produced into a point, a large roundish black spot on disc between the 1. and 2. median branches, and 

 small blackish. wedge-.sha])ed spots at the tips of the veins; on hindwing a small black spot at apex, 

 blackish dots at distal mai-gin and a grey shadow in the centre and at the base. Underside similar to 

 upper, all dark markings moi'e strongly developed; on hindwing the base and disc greenish and a spot at 

 base brownish. In the ? the dark markings enlarged, otherwise this sex not diifering from cf. Staudixger 

 and Rebel regard derta to be a summer-form of knu'pi-ri, while de Niceville and Moore consider it a 

 distinct species. 



rapae. P. rapae L. (29 c). The summer-form is to be regarded as name-typical for this species. Its black 



metra. markings are generally well-developed, the form being also larger than the spring-form metra Stcplt. (20c). 

 In the latter the black markings are less developed, and the hindwing beneath is deeper yellow and more 

 immaculata. dusted with blackish. Among the individuals of this form the following aberrations occur: immaculata 

 CklL, the upperside strongly yellowish, the black markings almost or entirely absent, the base of wings 

 flavescens. dusted with grey. — flavescens form, not: Upperside strongly j-ellowish, the dark apical marking indic- 

 ated, but the black discal spots well developed , underside of hindwing and costal and distal margins of 

 novanglitie. forewing of a beautiful yellow : occurs perhaps only in the ? sex. — To which brood novangliae Smdd. 

 belongs , we have not been able to ascertain ; this form , also mostly occurring only in the ?, is canarv- 

 flavida. yellow: rare in Europe, more plentiful in North America. — flavida Prtiy^rn has a yolk-coloured upperside, 

 the hindwing beneath and the tip of the forewing being also strongly yellow; in FinUmd, Kurland, etc. — 

 debilis. Only slightly different from immactdata is debilis Alph., the apical marking of forewing being light grej' or 

 quite absent and in ? all the black markings strongly reduced. — Among the summer-brood the following 

 messanensis. forms occur: messanensis ZelL, specimens witli very large black spots and strongly developed apical 

 deleta. marking. — In ab. deleta Strand the apical spot is very indistinct, being dusted with white, nearly as in 

 diibiosa. the spring-brood: occurs in southern Noi'way. — Whether dubiosa form. nor. (20c) belongs h) rapuf or is 

 a distinct species cannot be decided with certainty from the meagre material at present at disposal; 

 somewhat larger than knteperi, more narrow-winged, the black apical markings united, but traversed by 

 thin white veins, a black spot between 1. and 2. median vein on forewing and another at apex of hind- 

 wing, the lower discocellular of forewing thinly black: underside of forewing white, its apex and underside 

 of hindwing pale yellow, the inner area sparsely dusted with black, at apex of hindwing a black obsolescent 

 spot, last segment of palpus black, with few white hairs: appears to be restricted to the southern portion 

 leucosoma. of the Region (Andalusia and Asia Elinor). — leucosoma Scliair. is, as suggested by the author, the thii-d 

 brood (which occurs only in exceptional cases); thorax and abdomen white: beneath, a lemon -yellow streak 

 in cell of forewing, hindwing pale yellow without dark dusting; width of the black apical marking of 

 upperside variable, wings conspicuously rounded, especially the hindwing. — Specimens of the summer- 

 brood with the upper- and underside of a dark brown and the median spots united to a band have been 

 . fasciata. named fasciata by Trxr: this form occurs probably only in the ?. — The following local races of rapae 

 crucivora. have been described: crucivora BUr. (20 d), from Japan, as large as Central European brassicae, the black 

 orientalis. markings strongly developed, hindwing below with a yellow costal streak. — orientalis Obcrth. 

 (= mandschurica Spr) (20 d), from Dauria, North China and the Amur, is as large as cntcirora, the black 

 sinii/is. markings of the upperside are less developed and the underside is less yellow. — similis Kridik. (from the 

 same localities?) has the upperside of forewing darkened with grey, the black spots being small: the ? 

 minor, light yellowish. — minor Costa, from Toscana, is only a small form of rajiac. — In leucotera Strf. the 

 leucotera. j^rk apical markings have almost or entirely disappeared and there is a brownish grey stripe in the cell of 

 kenteana. \he hindwing beneath; flies in Central Italy in April and May. — kenteana >X'/'' , from Kentei, is a cf- 

 form with 2 small discal spots on the forewing below, the apex of forewing and the hindwing, beneath, 

 erganoides. somewhat yellowish. — erganoides Strf. from Toscana, is, as ergane, without black markings beneath, the 

 apical spot of o"', on upperside, is narrow and emarginate ; the ? resembles above the ? of rripinc, but tlie 

 carruccii. forewing — as also in cf' -- is broader ( — an crtiane-ioYm?)-, ilies in March and April, — In ab. carruccii 

 Rosfarpio the upperside is white, having onl\' a grey shade at apex of forewing; the underside almost 

 without markings, the apex of forewing being beautifully chrome-yellow and the hindwing orange -yellow; 

 viluiensis. in Italy. — In viluiensis form. nor. the dark markings are feebly developed or entirely absent : in the ? 

 the dark basal area of the upperside is much more extended than in Central European specimens (almost 

 as in the ? of crudrora), the discal spots, moreover, are only whitish grey, but this form is not larger than 

 the name-typical rapae; underside of both sexes slightly yellowish, with dark scaling; from the Wilui R. 

 (Otto Herz). — Egg of ropar j-ellow, pear-shaped, witli longitudinal ribs and transverse folds: deposited 

 singly. Larva velvety, dull green, with a thin yellow dorsal line, sides paler, with a narrow yellow stripe 



