PIERIS. By J. Ruber. 47 



in which are situated tlie black stigmata; abdomen beneath yellowish green; head brownish green; on 

 vai'ious kinds of cabbage and on Reseda. Pupa yellowish, green -grej' or brownish, with 3 yellow 

 stripes (Spuler). 



P. manni Maijcr and rosaii Stef. are treated by us as forms of a separate species in accordance manni. 

 with the observations of Count Emilio TrRAXi communicated to us by letter. The larva is not yet known, 

 but the shape of the pupa appears to afford sufficient proof of the specitic distinctness of the insect. The 

 pupa is not greenish as the ;r/par-pupa, but whitish witii a reddish tint, being without dark dots and other 

 markings. The spring-form ittanni differs from rapae gen. vern. mcfni in the underside being much lighter', 

 and the black markings, especially above, being much more extended. — The summer-form rossii Stef. rossii. 

 (20 d) is beneath not much lighter than manni, and also above the black markings are only sliglitly reduced, 

 though being dusted with white. The species occurs in Italy, the Tyrol, South-Western Europe, according to 

 Elwes also in Tura, according to the material before us in the Taurus, and probably also in other 

 districts of Asia. 



P. ergane Hhn. (= narcaea Frr) (20 d), from South-East Europe and Asia Minor, is beneath devoid ergane. 

 of black markings in cf and i. The seasonal forms appear to differ only slightly; however, we have not 

 been able to ascertain anything certain on that point. — longomaculata Jlostar/nu is yellowish white longo- 

 above, the black spots of forewing are deeper in colour, larger, prolonged, the forewing beneath is straw- maailata. 

 colour, with chrome -yellow apical spot, the hindwing beneath being also chrome -yellow. — In ab. ? 

 magnimaculata lioatagno the black spots are still more developed than in Imif/oiiiarn/ata, while in' ab. cf magni- 

 semimaculata L'ontagno the upperside of forewing, except the dark apical spot, is entirely white. These ""''""/''''' 

 3 forms have been observed in Central Italy. — Larva dull blue-green, head bluish green, the whole body •^^'"'" 

 dotted with numerous small black white-hairy warts, mouth-parts pale brown, the stigma-line represented 

 on each segment only by a yellow spot, in which is situated tlie dark-l^rown-edged light browii stigma, 

 thoracical legs coloured like the body, claws light brown, prolegs with light brown soles (Spuler). 



P. cisseis Leech (20 e) is a very rare species from Chang-yang. Upperside white, with yellowisli cisseis. 

 tint, the rather broad black apical marking extends to the 1. median vein, between the 2. and 3. median 

 veins a large, black, sharply defined spot which is connected with the black distal margin by a dark shadow, 

 a smaller and paler black spot between 1. median and the submedian vein, another rather broad, streak- 

 like, spot on the discocellulars. Hindwing without markings, apart from some shading in the basal area. 

 Underside of forewing white, tiie apex yellowish, without black apical marking, the black spots situated 

 between submedian and 1. median, 2. and 3. median, and on the discocellulars are present; hindwing 

 beneath pale j'ellow, without markings. 



P. melete Men. (21b). from the Amur, Ussuri, Himalaya. Corea, China and Japan, is a \evy melete. 

 variable species. The name-typical summer- form is large (rather laiger than hnissiene), the black markings 

 being well developed; hindwing beneath with a sliort yellow iiasal costal streak. — mandarina Leech is mandnrina. 

 the North Chinese summer-form; larger than melete, the apical spot larger, and the discal spots strongly 

 developed; the ? washed witli fuscous, the veins broadly blackish; in both sexes the veins black beneath. — 

 Of the spring-brood the following 5 forms are known : aglaope Motsch. from Japan ; only as large as napi, aglaope. 

 the cf white, apart from the apical marking, only the hindwing with slightly blackened veins; the ? however 

 has above large black, almost square, spots. — megamera Btlr. from Xortii Japan; a large form witii mcgamcra. 

 reduced markings, the cT above with narrow, non-continuous, apical marking and strongly obsolescent discal 

 spots, the ? with better developed markings, the discal spots of forewing being especially well developed: 

 the hindwing beneath yellow in both sexes. — dulcinea Btlr. from North-East Corea ; very similar to dulcinea. 

 meejameni , upperside milky white with more strongly developed dark markings; underside milk}' white 

 instead of yellow. — veris .SYr/r. (21b), from South-Western China, is smaller tlian melete, cf white above, veris. 

 except the not sharply defined blackish apical marking and the narrowly fuscous veins; the ? with broadly 

 black veins, the apical spot represented by a costal streak, the black discal spots being reduced ; this form 

 is especially characterized by the sharply defined and broad black vein-stripes of the underside; the yellow 

 costal spot of the hindwing beneath is also sharply marked. — erutae Poxj. from East Tibet; larger than erutae. 

 napi, cf above greenish white, with a black discal spot on forewing, the veins of both wings slightly 

 blackened, being beneath more or less edged with brownish; ? with more rounded v^dngs, the veins more 

 broadly black, the apical spot of forewing above very large, the two black discal spots also large, on 

 hindwing a black costal spot, underside as in o", but the vein-streaks broader. — Larva resembling that of 

 dapUdice ; feeds on Arabis hirsuta. The buttertly is verj- common. 



P. ajaka Moore (20 g) is treated as a distinct species by Moor.E. while Leech, Elwes and ajaka. 

 DE NicEviLLE Consider it a form of melete. It is an Indian insect which however crosses the southern 



