4S PIERIS. By J. Rober. 



boundary of the Palaearctic Region in Tibet (Kunawur) and Kashmir. About the size of brassicae, but more 

 narrow-winged, pure white above with black markings, yellowish beneath, especially on the hindwing, which 

 ajanta. bears a yellow costal stripe. — The spring-form, ajanta iorm. nor., is much smaller, being about as large 

 as rapae, sbghtly yellowish above, with the markings much smaller and pale blackish. 



melaina. P. melaina spec. nor. (20 g) from Tibet, d" above Ught yellowish white, the proximal edge of the 



black apical area almost straight down to the 3. median vein, being shallowly eraarginate between 3. and 

 2. median vein, where there is a diffuse black submarginal spot, which is united with the black distal 

 marginal band by black atoms, the veins thinly black, the base of the forewing and nearly the basal half 

 of the costal margin blackish; hindwing with the same ground-colour as forewing. at apex an elongate 

 blackish spot, the veins thinly black, at the distal edge more broadly black, the base blackish. Underside 

 of forewing white, yellowish at apex, the blackish vein-streaks moderately broad, a short black line extending 

 from apex of cell backwards, an interrupted blackish submarginal line; hindwing pale yellow, the blackish 

 vein-streaks moderately broad. Upperside of 2 more or less yellow, with the blackish markings much 

 widened, the ground-colour of the forewing being reduced to spots, hindwing less distinctly marked: 

 markings of undei"side as in cf, but the gi'ound-colour deeper yellow. 



extensa. p. extensa Pouj. (21 a), from Tibet, is smaller and, above and beneath, less variegated than eurydice 



Leech from West and Central China. Both are considered b}- Leech forms of one separate species, while 

 Staudingee and Rebel treat them as belonging to a local form of melete. 



tadjika. P. tadjika Gr.-Grsh. (20 ej. Upperside white, with obsolescent blackish apex to forewing and a 



row of black spots between the 3. median vein and the hiiidrnargin : at apex of hindwing an elongate black 

 spot, base of wing darkened. Underside of forewing white, apex and costal margin darkened, the black 

 spots as above, but somewhat smaller; liindwing beneath Ught yellow, with blackish atoms and a ver}' 

 obsolescent apical spot. The ? has the forewing dusted with grey, the black spots are enlarged and the 

 liindwing is yellowish. Patria: Pamir highlands and Southem Fergana. 



napi. P. napi L. (21 b). Spring- form: upperside white with black markings: underside of forewing white, 



apex yellow, veins fuscous, more or less broadlj" so. usually 2 small discal spots: hindwiiig beneath more 

 or less yellow, the veins themselves of the \ellow ground-colour, but on both sides edged with greenish 

 nana. gre\'. Among this form there occur more or less commonh- aberrant individuals: ab. nana nov., a ven,' 

 small cf-form with the forewing above slightly yellowish; the apex shows no interrupted black area, but 

 only a greyish darkening at the extremities of the veins: besides the dark base of wing no other markings 

 above; underside of forewing white, the apex pale yellow, the veins in the anterior portion of the wing 

 grey, otherwise no markings; underside of hindwing light yellow with dark-edged veins. — As ab. 

 impunctata. impunctata form. nor. we designate those cfcf wich have on the upperside no other markings than the 

 normal black apex to the forewing and the fuscous wing-base, and from which also the discal spots of the 

 verna. underside of forewing are almost or entirely absent. — ab. verna Strand, fi-om Southern Xorwaj', is 

 distinguished bv the hindwing beneath being more strongly dusted with fuscous, especially at the veins, 

 and by the black apical spot of the forewing above being smaller and inteiTupted bj' the veins at the edge 

 of the wing: the forewing more pointed than in napaeae. — In the neighbourhood of Vienna there occur 

 interjecta. among the spring-brood ?-forms worthy of note: interjecta form, nor., like the following a transition to 

 hrijoniae, the vein-streaks of the forewing somewhat broadened, but not verj- prominent, the ground-colour 

 radiata. of the upperside sbghtly yellow. — ab. radiata )iov. (21 c), stiU less yellow than interjecta, but the forewing 

 above much more extendedly and diffusely darkened, the discal spots indistinct, being united with the vein- 

 streaks, the hindwing on the contrary with shai-ply marked black costal spot and well defined streaks along 

 the veins, these streaks running like rays from the cell to the distal margin: the dark markings on the 

 napaeae. {ovevrmg below feebly developed. — The summer-form napaeae Esp. (21 d) is on the whole somewhat 

 larger, the black markings are more sharply defined above, but the underside is lighter, the dark vein- 

 sti-eaks of the hindwing especially much less developed, being sometimes nearly absent. Also among this 

 sulpfiurea. form there occur more or less well defined aben-ations: ab. sulphurea Schfiyoi (21c), H with normal 

 m^/a. pattern, but sulphur-yellow upperside. — meta form. nor. (21 c). ?2 with a slightly yellow tint on the 

 upperside, the black markings on the distal portion of the forewing, less so on the hindwing, being very 

 virilis. prominent though diffuse. — As a contrast to this form we have ab. virilis form, nor., ?? which — as the 

 name implies — resemble the <f<f very closely: the upperside is white, except the blackish apex of 

 forewing and a basal darkening of little extent, as well as a small black costal spot on hindwing: beneath, 

 the forewing white with a very slight yellow tint at the apex, the hindwuig very pale yellowish, the veins 

 sulphurea- being Only feebl}' edged with fuscous. — As a separate form ab. sulphureo-tincta has been described by 

 tincta. Reuter, being likewise a ?-form. with the upperside dirty yellow and the hindwing beneath hght yellow. — 

 All these forms, though one or the other is more frequent in one district than in the other, occur 



